Developmental disorders

Question 1

What is a developmental disorder?

Answer 1

Divergence from typical development, identified in childhood

Question 2

How long to developmental disorder last for?

Answer 2

Lifetime

Question 3

How many children have a developmental disorder?

Answer 3

1 in 10

Question 4

What can cause developmental disorders?

Answer 4

Genetics (can be inherited or due to random mutation) and environment

Question 5

What disorder is an example of a genetically caused disorder?

Answer 5

Down’s syndrome

Question 6

Define a putative genetic basis

Answer 6

Researchers assume there’s a genetic basis because of circumstantial evidence

Question 7

What disorder is an example of a putative genetic basis?

Answer 7

Autism

Question 8

In what ways can developmental disorders be influenced by environmental factors?

Answer 8

Nutrition and features of the home environment

Question 9

What is an example of a developmental disorder caused by environment?

Answer 9

Cerebral Palsy

Question 10

How would a child get a diagnosis?

Answer 10

GP, specialist and assessments

Question 11

What kind of assessments would paediatricians and clinical psychologists do?

Answer 11

History of difficulty, standardised assessments and observations

Question 12

What are some characteristics of Autism?

Answer 12

Differences in social interactions, communication and restricted interests and repetitive behaviours

Question 13

How many children I the US have autism?

Answer 13

1 in 44

Question 14

Historically, is autism more common in boys or girls?

Answer 14

Boys

Question 15

Approximately, what percentage of autistic people are non-verbal?

Answer 15

40%

Question 16

In the TOM test, how did autistic children perform?

Answer 16

Autistic children performed worse than verbal and nonverbal matched groups

Question 17

In the Theory of Weak ‘Central Coherence’ test, how did autistic children perform?

Answer 17

They were faster and more accurate on the embedded figures task and the block design task

Question 18

What does ADHD stand for?

Answer 18

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 19

What are some factors of ADHD?

Answer 19

Inattention, Hyperactivity and Impulsivity

Question 20

How many people have ADHD?

Answer 20

8 in 100

Question 21

Is ADHD more common in boys or girls?

Answer 21

Boys

Question 22

What % of ADHD is heritable?

Answer 22

75%

Question 23

What did Barkley suggest ADHD is?

Answer 23

Primary differences in executive functioning

Question 24

What did Sonuga-Barke suggest about ADHD?

Answer 24

Primary differences with reward and motivation, and a difficulty with delayed gratification

Question 25

How many people have a language disorder?

Answer 25

7 in 100

Question 26

Is language disorders more common in boys or girls?

Answer 26

Boys

Question 27

What parts of the brain are implicated in language disorders?

Answer 27

Broca's area and Wernicke's are

Question 28

Define Developmental Dyslexia

Answer 28

Difficulty in reading and spelling that isn't explained by generally poor ability

Question 29

What are some factors of dyslexia?

Answer 29

Struggle to identify how many syllables a word has, identify rhyming words and difficulty in discriminating between sounds of different letters

Question 30

In what kind of language is developmental dyslexia more common in?

Answer 30

More common in non-transparent languages (English) than transparent languages (Italian and Japanese)

Question 31

Are we searching for a cure for neurodivergence?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What movement is changing the way we conceive developmental disorders?

Answer 32

The Neurodiversity Movement