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Clinical oral radiology > Developmental Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Developmental Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 categories of dental anomalies

A

Eruption/Position
Shape/size
Number
Structure

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2
Q

Movement of a tooth from its position of development to its functional location in the mouth

A

Eruption

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3
Q

After the tooth is __, slight eruption continues in order to compensate for normal attrition and continued vertical growth of the face

A

full occlusion

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4
Q

Know the difference between the dental papilla and dental follicle

A

dental papilla is found at the apex of the tooth and the dental follicle is found near the crown (Pic in powerpoint)

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5
Q

Movement of eruption when the first part of the cusp or crown is visible through the gingiva. This process normally occurs when the dental root is approximately 2/3 its final length

A

Emergence

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6
Q

When emergence has not occurred within 12 month of the normal range or when 75% of root is formed

A

Delayed eruption

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7
Q

What are some systemic causes of delayed eruption

A

endocrine disorders
syndromes

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8
Q

Local causes of delayed eruption

A

Physical barrier
Abnormal position
Trauma

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9
Q

Rare non-syndromic eruption disorder where the tooth fails to erupt in the absence of any mechanical obstruction

A

Primary failure of eruption

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10
Q

Disturbance of tooth eruption that results from the fusion of cementum or dentin with the alveolar bone

A

Ankylosis

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11
Q

Cessation of eruption because of mechanical interference caused by a physical barrier

A

Impaction

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12
Q

What teeth are the most affected with impaction

A

3rd molars and canines are the most affected teeth

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13
Q

Impaction is sometimes used as synonym for __

A

non-erupted (embedded)

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14
Q

With impaction whats the average amount that is palatal and labial

A

1/3 labial
2/3 palatal

(if the tooth looks more enlarged its most likely palatal)

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15
Q

What are the different malpositions possible

A

Horizontal
Inverted
Rotated
Mesially angulated
Distally angulated
Transverse (Buccolingual)

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16
Q

Change in orientation of the tooth axis

A

Malpositions

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17
Q

What tooth most commonly has malpositions

A

Impacted 3rd molars

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18
Q

Tooth develops in ectopic location or does not follow its usual eruption course

A

Ectopic

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19
Q

Ectopic teeth are most commonly in the

A

alveolar process

(Rare cases in non-dentate regions)

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20
Q

Change in order/position between two adjacent teeth in the dental arch

A

Transposition

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21
Q

Transposition is most common in

A

upper canines and 1st premolars

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22
Q

Is transposition reported in primary dentition

A

NO

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23
Q

Displacement of teeth across the midline

A

Transmigration

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24
Q

Transmigration is most common in

A

lower canines

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25
Q

Unassisted migration of teeth within the alveolar process mesially, towards the midline

A

Physiological Drift

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26
Q

Physiological Drift is the tendency of teeth to move __

A

mesially to maintain contact between teeth

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27
Q

Physiological drift is associated with __ tilting , and changes in __

A

mesial
occlusal plane

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28
Q

Excessive number of teeth (>32)

A

Supernumerary teeth
Hyperdontia

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29
Q

Missing teeth

A

Agenesis (not 3rd molars)

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30
Q

Missing 1-5 teeth

A

Hypodontia

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31
Q

Missing 6+ teeth

A

Oligodontia

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32
Q

Missing all 32 teeth

A

Anodontia

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33
Q

Variable numbers, size, and locations, and tend to have variable morphology. Often embedded or unerupted

A

Supernumerary teeth

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34
Q

Supernumerary teeth in the incisor region

A

Mesiodens

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35
Q

Supernumerary teeth in the molars region (buccal or lingual)

A

Paramolars

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36
Q

Supernumerary teeth posterior to 3rd molars

A

Distomolars or 4th molars

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37
Q

Unusually large teeth

A

Macrodontia

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38
Q

Unusually small teeth

A

Microdontia

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39
Q

Tooth within a tooth

A

Dens invaginatus (Dens in dente)

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40
Q

Invagination of the enamel surface into the interior aspect of the tooth

A

Dens invaginatus (Dens in dente)

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41
Q

Most common teeth for Dens invaginatus

A

Lateral incisors> Central inc > Premolars > Canines > Molars

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42
Q

Dens invaginatus: filled with soft tissue during dental development, which becomes __ after eruptions

A

necrotic

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43
Q

After eruption, potential space for entrapment of food debris and bacteria, prone to dental caries leading to apical periodontitis

A

Dens invaginatus

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44
Q

Classification of Dens invaginatus

A

Type I = confined to crown
Type II = Extends below the CEJ as a blind sac, +/- pulp
Type IIIa/IIIb = Transverses root, perforates laterally (a) or apically (b)

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45
Q

Most severe form of Dens invaginatus, anomalous shape

A

Dilated Odontoma

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46
Q

Evagination of the enamel. Additional tubercle or cusp

A

Dens evaginatus

47
Q

ADditional cusp of a posterior tooth (Leong premolar, occlusal pearl, evaginated odontoma)

A

Dens evaginatus

48
Q

Dens evaginatus is most commonly seen where

A

Premolars in the mandible

49
Q

Dens evaginatus is usually in the __, unilateral or bilateral? A __ is common

A

Central groove or lingual ridge
Bilateral
Pulpal extension

50
Q

A dens evaginatus on an anterior tooth’s palatal surface, common in the maxillary lateral or central incisors

A

Talon cusp (eagles talon or supernumerary cusp)

51
Q

A talon cusp extends at least __

A

1/2 the distance from the CEJ to the incisal edge

52
Q

Ectopic hemispherical buldging on root surface

A

Enamel Pearl

53
Q

Well defined, small, radiopaque nodule on root surface, usually at a furcation

A

Enamel Pearl

54
Q

Are enamel pearls more common on permanent or deciduous teeth

A

Permanent

55
Q

Where are enamel pearls most common

A

Max molars> man molars» premolars and incisors

56
Q

Adjacent teeth connected with each other

A

Fusion

57
Q

Rare union of 2 adjacent tooth germs during development

A

Fusion

58
Q

Fusion is usually between

A

Dentin and enamel (rarely just enamel)

59
Q

Fusion can be seen on primary and permanent dentitions and is usually between __ and is rare in __

A

incisors and canines
Posterior teeth

60
Q

Clinical appearance of a large and wide tooth

A

Fusion

61
Q

With fusion the number of teeth changes how

A

Diminished by 1

62
Q

Partial development of two teeth from one single tooth germ

A

Gemination

63
Q

Abnormally formed tooth with usually one root canal

A

Gemination

64
Q

How is the total number of teeth different with gemination

A

Total number of teeth in arch is normal

65
Q

Tooth may present the same for both of these, so thats why its important to count teeth to see if number is normal or if one is missing

A

Fusion or gemination

66
Q

__, referred to as twinning, will result in increased number of teeth (rare)

A

Complete gemination

67
Q

Fusion may occur with a __ giving a normal tooth count for fusion, but its still not gemination

A

supernumerary

68
Q

Connection by root cementum alone

A

Concrescence

69
Q

Concrescence occurs after __

A

roots have been formed (Thicker cementum layer unites roots)

70
Q

What teeth most commonly show concrescence

A

Maxillary 2nd/3rd molars

71
Q

Possbile etiologies for concrescence

A

Developmental
Post Inflammatory

72
Q

Abnormal angulation or bend in the root and less frequently the crown

A

Dilaceration

73
Q

Displacement of crown/root from normal alignment with each other

A

Dilaceration

74
Q

Out of all the dental anomalies a dilaceration is the most __

A

idiopathic (don’t know what caused it)

75
Q

Dilacerations are common/uncommon? Where do we see it occur

A

Common (1%)
Mand molars > Max 2nd premolars > Man 2nd molars > incisors

76
Q

Where do we most often see supernumerary roots

A

Molars (especially 3rd) > mand premolars/canines

77
Q

Name for a 1st molar with an extra disto-lingual root

A

Radix Entomolaris

78
Q

Increased apico-occlusal height of the pulp chamber

A

Taurodontism

79
Q

Resembles shape of cud-chewing animals - bull tooth

A

Taurodontism

80
Q

With Taurodontism there is apical displacement of the __ in a __ tooth

A

furcation
multirooted tooth

81
Q

Common with cleft lip/palate, down syndrome or ectodermal dysplasia

A

Taurodontism

82
Q

Taurdontism has implications for __ treatment

A

endodontic

83
Q

3 types of taurodontism

A

Hypo-
Meso-
Hyper-
(Look at pics)

84
Q

Produced by ameloblasts- specialized, end-differentiated cells

A

Enamel

85
Q

Secretion of matrix protein by ameloblasts

A

Secretory stage

86
Q

Mineralization of the matrix

A

Maturation stage

87
Q

Enamel developmental defects can be caused by what 4 things and can occur at what 3 times

A

inheritied, systemic, enviornmental, local

Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal

88
Q

Broad term for reduction in enamel thickness

A

Enamel hypoplasia

89
Q

Reduced thickness of enamel results from changes occurring during the stage of __

A

Matrix formation

90
Q

Enamel hypoplasia is caused by a source of __ to organism or hereditary

A

stress

91
Q

Localized quantitative enamel defect on permanent teeth caused by trauma or periapical disease of deciduous

A

Turner’s Hypoplasia

92
Q

With Turners hypoplasia, Extension of defect depends on the __

A

severity of the infection or trauma

93
Q

Turners hypoplasia is more common in __ and __

A

premolars (infection)
anterior maxillary (trauma)

94
Q

Spectrum of developmental qualitative hypomineralization enamel defects affecting the permanent first molars and incisors

A

MIH - Molar-incisor hypomineralization

95
Q

MIH has variable severity

A

One to all four 1st molars and incisors (localized to extensive defects)

96
Q

MIH has considerable higher risk of __

A

caries

97
Q

MIH is currently a __ especially in __

A

global concern
School-age kids

98
Q

Genetically inherited condition (absence of systemic disorder or known local factors). Defective enamel formation and/or calcification

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta

99
Q

What type of teeth are usually involved in amelogenesis imperfecta

A

both the deciduous and the permanent dentitions

100
Q

Clinically presents as small, discolored teeth with enamel defects

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta

101
Q

4 main types of amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Hypoplastic
Hypomaturation
Hypocalcified
Hypomaturation-hypocalcifies

102
Q

Produced by odontoblasts- specialized, end-differentiated cells

A

Dentin

103
Q

Rare hereditary developmental disturbance of the dentin

A

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
(Impacts deciduous and/or permanent dentition)

104
Q

Opalescent teeth, amber-blue, wear / enamel fractures, bulbous crowns, pulp canal obliteration

A

Dentinogensis imperfecta

105
Q

Types of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

Type I - Associated with osteogenesis imperfecta
Type II and III - without other inherited disorders

106
Q

Bulbous crowns due to cervical restriction. Short thick roots. Pulp obliteration (see no pulp tissue)

A

Dentinogensis imperfecta types I and II

107
Q

Shell teeth - normal thickness enamel with extremely thin dentin and enlarged pulp chambers. More common in primary dentition

A

Dentinogenesis imperecta type III

108
Q

Rare genetic condition characterized by normal enamel but atypical dentin with abnormal pulpal morphology

A

Dentin Dysplasia

109
Q

Type I vs Type II Dentin dysplasia

A

Type I effects root
Type II effects crown

110
Q

Thistle tube shape pulp chamber

A

Type II crown dentin dysplasia

111
Q

Rare developmental anomaly of both ectodermal (enamel) and mesodermal (dentin, pulp, cementum) dental components

A

Regional Odontodysplasia

112
Q

Has a localized occurrence within a segment or quadrant of the dentition.

A

Region odontodysplasia

113
Q

Characterized by ghost teeth, unerupted or erupted

A

Regional odontodysplasia

Clinical oral radiology (3 decks)

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