Developmental Dental Anomalies Flashcards by Marjorie Wolfe

What are the 5 categories of dental anomalies

Eruption/Position
Shape/size
Number
Structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Movement of a tooth from its position of development to its functional location in the mouth

Eruption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the tooth is __, slight eruption continues in order to compensate for normal attrition and continued vertical growth of the face

full occlusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Know the difference between the dental papilla and dental follicle

dental papilla is found at the apex of the tooth and the dental follicle is found near the crown (Pic in powerpoint)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Movement of eruption when the first part of the cusp or crown is visible through the gingiva. This process normally occurs when the dental root is approximately 2/3 its final length

Emergence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When emergence has not occurred within 12 month of the normal range or when 75% of root is formed

Delayed eruption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some systemic causes of delayed eruption

endocrine disorders
syndromes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Local causes of delayed eruption

Physical barrier
Abnormal position
Trauma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rare non-syndromic eruption disorder where the tooth fails to erupt in the absence of any mechanical obstruction

Primary failure of eruption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disturbance of tooth eruption that results from the fusion of cementum or dentin with the alveolar bone

Ankylosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cessation of eruption because of mechanical interference caused by a physical barrier

Impaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What teeth are the most affected with impaction

3rd molars and canines are the most affected teeth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Impaction is sometimes used as synonym for __

non-erupted (embedded)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With impaction whats the average amount that is palatal and labial

1/3 labial
2/3 palatal

(if the tooth looks more enlarged its most likely palatal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the different malpositions possible

Horizontal
Inverted
Rotated
Mesially angulated
Distally angulated
Transverse (Buccolingual)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Change in orientation of the tooth axis

Malpositions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What tooth most commonly has malpositions

Impacted 3rd molars

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tooth develops in ectopic location or does not follow its usual eruption course

Ectopic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ectopic teeth are most commonly in the

alveolar process

(Rare cases in non-dentate regions)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Change in order/position between two adjacent teeth in the dental arch

Transposition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transposition is most common in

upper canines and 1st premolars

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is transposition reported in primary dentition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Displacement of teeth across the midline

Transmigration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transmigration is most common in

lower canines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Unassisted migration of teeth within the alveolar process mesially, towards the midline

Physiological Drift

Physiological Drift is the tendency of teeth to move __

mesially to maintain contact between teeth

Physiological drift is associated with __ tilting , and changes in __

mesial occlusal plane

Excessive number of teeth (>32)

Supernumerary teeth Hyperdontia

Missing teeth

Agenesis (not 3rd molars)

Missing 1-5 teeth

Hypodontia

Missing 6+ teeth

Oligodontia

Missing all 32 teeth

Anodontia

Variable numbers, size, and locations, and tend to have variable morphology. Often embedded or unerupted

Supernumerary teeth

Supernumerary teeth in the incisor region

Mesiodens

Supernumerary teeth in the molars region (buccal or lingual)

Paramolars

Supernumerary teeth posterior to 3rd molars

Distomolars or 4th molars

Unusually large teeth

Macrodontia

Unusually small teeth

Microdontia

Tooth within a tooth

Dens invaginatus (Dens in dente)

Invagination of the enamel surface into the interior aspect of the tooth

Dens invaginatus (Dens in dente)

Most common teeth for Dens invaginatus

Lateral incisors> Central inc > Premolars > Canines > Molars

Dens invaginatus: filled with soft tissue during dental development, which becomes __ after eruptions

necrotic

After eruption, potential space for entrapment of food debris and bacteria, prone to dental caries leading to apical periodontitis

Dens invaginatus

Classification of Dens invaginatus

Type I = confined to crown Type II = Extends below the CEJ as a blind sac, +/- pulp Type IIIa/IIIb = Transverses root, perforates laterally (a) or apically (b)

Most severe form of Dens invaginatus, anomalous shape

Dilated Odontoma

Evagination of the enamel. Additional tubercle or cusp

Dens evaginatus

ADditional cusp of a posterior tooth (Leong premolar, occlusal pearl, evaginated odontoma)

Dens evaginatus

Dens evaginatus is most commonly seen where

Premolars in the mandible

Dens evaginatus is usually in the __, unilateral or bilateral? A __ is common

Central groove or lingual ridge Bilateral Pulpal extension

A dens evaginatus on an anterior tooth's palatal surface, common in the maxillary lateral or central incisors

Talon cusp (eagles talon or supernumerary cusp)

A talon cusp extends at least __

1/2 the distance from the CEJ to the incisal edge

Ectopic hemispherical buldging on root surface

Enamel Pearl

Well defined, small, radiopaque nodule on root surface, usually at a furcation

Enamel Pearl

Are enamel pearls more common on permanent or deciduous teeth

Permanent

Where are enamel pearls most common

Max molars> man molars>> premolars and incisors

Adjacent teeth connected with each other

Fusion

Rare union of 2 adjacent tooth germs during development

Fusion

Fusion is usually between

Dentin and enamel (rarely just enamel)

Fusion can be seen on primary and permanent dentitions and is usually between __ and is rare in __

incisors and canines Posterior teeth

Clinical appearance of a large and wide tooth

Fusion

With fusion the number of teeth changes how

Diminished by 1

Partial development of two teeth from one single tooth germ

Gemination

Abnormally formed tooth with usually one root canal

Gemination

How is the total number of teeth different with gemination

Total number of teeth in arch is normal

Tooth may present the same for both of these, so thats why its important to count teeth to see if number is normal or if one is missing

Fusion or gemination

__, referred to as twinning, will result in increased number of teeth (rare)

Complete gemination

Fusion may occur with a __ giving a normal tooth count for fusion, but its still not gemination

supernumerary

Connection by root cementum alone

Concrescence

Concrescence occurs after __

roots have been formed (Thicker cementum layer unites roots)

What teeth most commonly show concrescence

Maxillary 2nd/3rd molars

Possbile etiologies for concrescence

Developmental Post Inflammatory

Abnormal angulation or bend in the root and less frequently the crown

Dilaceration

Displacement of crown/root from normal alignment with each other

Dilaceration

Out of all the dental anomalies a dilaceration is the most __

idiopathic (don't know what caused it)

Dilacerations are common/uncommon? Where do we see it occur

Common (1%) Mand molars > Max 2nd premolars > Man 2nd molars > incisors

Where do we most often see supernumerary roots

Molars (especially 3rd) > mand premolars/canines

Name for a 1st molar with an extra disto-lingual root

Radix Entomolaris

Increased apico-occlusal height of the pulp chamber

Taurodontism

Resembles shape of cud-chewing animals - bull tooth

Taurodontism

With Taurodontism there is apical displacement of the __ in a __ tooth

furcation multirooted tooth

Common with cleft lip/palate, down syndrome or ectodermal dysplasia

Taurodontism

Taurdontism has implications for __ treatment

endodontic

3 types of taurodontism

Hypo- Meso- Hyper- (Look at pics)

Produced by ameloblasts- specialized, end-differentiated cells

Enamel

Secretion of matrix protein by ameloblasts

Secretory stage

Mineralization of the matrix

Maturation stage

Enamel developmental defects can be caused by what 4 things and can occur at what 3 times

inheritied, systemic, enviornmental, local Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal

Broad term for reduction in enamel thickness

Enamel hypoplasia

Reduced thickness of enamel results from changes occurring during the stage of __

Matrix formation

Enamel hypoplasia is caused by a source of __ to organism or hereditary

stress

Localized quantitative enamel defect on permanent teeth caused by trauma or periapical disease of deciduous

Turner's Hypoplasia

With Turners hypoplasia, Extension of defect depends on the __

severity of the infection or trauma

Turners hypoplasia is more common in __ and __

premolars (infection) anterior maxillary (trauma)

Spectrum of developmental qualitative hypomineralization enamel defects affecting the permanent first molars and incisors

MIH - Molar-incisor hypomineralization

MIH has variable severity

One to all four 1st molars and incisors (localized to extensive defects)

MIH has considerable higher risk of __

caries

MIH is currently a __ especially in __

global concern School-age kids

Genetically inherited condition (absence of systemic disorder or known local factors). Defective enamel formation and/or calcification

Amelogenesis imperfecta

What type of teeth are usually involved in amelogenesis imperfecta

both the deciduous and the permanent dentitions

Clinically presents as small, discolored teeth with enamel defects

Amelogenesis imperfecta

4 main types of amelogenesis imperfecta

Hypoplastic Hypomaturation Hypocalcified Hypomaturation-hypocalcifies

Produced by odontoblasts- specialized, end-differentiated cells

Dentin

Rare hereditary developmental disturbance of the dentin

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (Impacts deciduous and/or permanent dentition)

Opalescent teeth, amber-blue, wear / enamel fractures, bulbous crowns, pulp canal obliteration

Dentinogensis imperfecta

Types of dentinogenesis imperfecta

Type I - Associated with osteogenesis imperfecta Type II and III - without other inherited disorders

Bulbous crowns due to cervical restriction. Short thick roots. Pulp obliteration (see no pulp tissue)

Dentinogensis imperfecta types I and II

Shell teeth - normal thickness enamel with extremely thin dentin and enlarged pulp chambers. More common in primary dentition

Dentinogenesis imperecta type III

Rare genetic condition characterized by normal enamel but atypical dentin with abnormal pulpal morphology

Dentin Dysplasia

Type I vs Type II Dentin dysplasia

Type I effects root Type II effects crown

Thistle tube shape pulp chamber

Type II crown dentin dysplasia

Rare developmental anomaly of both ectodermal (enamel) and mesodermal (dentin, pulp, cementum) dental components

Regional Odontodysplasia

Has a localized occurrence within a segment or quadrant of the dentition.

Region odontodysplasia

Characterized by ghost teeth, unerupted or erupted

Regional odontodysplasia