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Oral Pathology Exam 4 > Developmental Conditions of Teeth > Flashcards

Developmental Conditions of Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common microdontia?

A

Peg lateral

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2
Q

What is the 2nd most common microdontia?

A

3rd Molars

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3
Q

In hypodontia/oligodontia what are the most common teeth that fail to form?

A
  • 3rd molars
  • Maxillary laterals
  • 2nd premolars
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4
Q

What is the etiology of hypodontia, in several cases?

A

Autosomal Dominant

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5
Q

What teeth are missing if you have an AXIN2 gene mutation?

A
  • 2nd molars
  • 3rd molars
  • 2nd premolar
  • mandibular incisors
  • maxillary laterals
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6
Q

What is a serious concern that requires follow up in those with the AXIN2 gene mutation?

A

Colonic polyps that will become malignant

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Ectodermal Dysplasia?

A

X-linked Recessive

Males

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8
Q

What is the appearance of the teeth in pts with Ectodermal Dysplasia?

A

Hypodontia = only a few peg shaped teeth

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9
Q

What is the most common supernumerary tooth?

A

Mesiodens

  • between maxillary incisors
  • Can impede eruption similar to an odontoma
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10
Q

What are distomolars?

A

4th molars

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11
Q

What are paramolars?

A

Supernummerary tooth buccal or lingual to molars

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12
Q

In what arch do 90% of supernumeraries occur in?

A

Maxillary - most are peg shaped

  • 10% in mandible - most with normal anatomy
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13
Q

What diseases/syndromes are associated with supernumerary teeth?

A
  • Gardner Syndrome
  • Cleidocranial Dysplasia
  • Riga Fede Disease
    • Accessory natal teeth present at birth
      • Crowns but no roots
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14
Q
  • “twinning”
  • Single tooth bud that didn’t divide completely
    • Bifid crown with shared root canal
  • Have to count teeth to be able to tell what it is
    • normal tooth count
A

Gemination

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15
Q
  • Two tooth buds
    • Separate root canals
  • Lack of space/trauma pushed these together in early development and they conjoined
  • Will have less teeth than normal
A

Fusion

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16
Q
  • 2 teeth joined ONLY by cementum
  • Hypercementosis ridged two roots
  • Separate dentin and enamel on biopsy
A

Concrescence

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17
Q

What is the etiology of a abnormally deviated root = dilaceration?

A
  • Abnormal shape from trauma
  • Hertwig’s Root Sheath deviated producing a root that is deviated to the side in abnormal fashion
  • No problems until extraction
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18
Q

What tooth is most commonly affected by dens invaginates/ dens in dente?

A

Maxillary lateral (14%)

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19
Q

What is the etiology of Dens invaginates?

A
  • Invagination of enamel epithelium from the lingual pit area forms a thin layer of enamel and dentin within the crown.
  • Bacteria enters and creates pulp exposure, leaving the teeth vulnerable to occult caries = PA Pathosis
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20
Q
  • Nodules of enamel on root trunk where it doesn’t belong
  • Ameloblasts get displaces
  • No periodontal attachment - can cause a perio defect
A

Enamel pearl

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21
Q

What population is mostly affected by Enamel Pearls?

A

Asains

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22
Q
  • “bull tooth”
  • Elongated clinical crown + short roots
    • Bifurcation of roots occurs at the apex
  • Rectangular shaped root and crown
  • Big pulp canal
A

Taurodontism

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23
Q

In what population does Taurodontism mostly occur?

A

Asians

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24
Q

What teeth are most commonly effected by taurodontism?

A

Mandibular molars

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25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Taurodontism?

A

Late invagination of HERS

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26
Q

Shovel shaped incisors are most common on what teeth?

A

Prominent marginal ridges on maxillary incisors

27
Q

Shovel shaped incisors are most common in what populations?

A

Asians + Native Americans

normal anatomy for these ethnicities

28
Q

Cingulum enlarged to for a cusp

A

Talon cusp

29
Q

What tooth most commonly has a talon cusp?

A

Lateral incisor

30
Q

What are some dental considerations for pts with talon cusps?

A
  • Pulp exposure if removed
  • Can interfere with occlusion
31
Q

Cusp like projection in the central fossa

A

Dens Evaginatus

32
Q

Dens Evaginatus is most common in what tooth?

A

Occlusal of mandibular 2nd premolar

33
Q

In what population is Dens Evaginatus common?

34
Q

What are some dental considerations for a tooth with dens evaginatus?

A

Potential pulp exposure if removed

35
Q

Where is the Cusp of Carabelli?

A

MesioPalatal

Maxillary 1st Molar

36
Q

Where is the protostylid cusp?

A

Mesiobuccal

Mandibular 1st molar

37
Q

In what population are protostylids ONLY found in?

A

Native Americans

38
Q

Where is the Cusp of Bolk?

A

Mesiobuccal

Maxillary 2nd Molar

39
Q
  • Looks like an enamel pearl that stays attached
  • Extension of enamel into the buccal furcation of a mandibular molar
A

Bikini Enamel

40
Q

What is the dental consideration for pts with Bikini Enamel?

A
  • If the follicle that accompanies the extension gets inflammed in a partly erupted 3rd molar it can cause:
    • Perio furcation
    • Buccal Bifurcation Cyst
      • Squamous lined INFLAMMATORY follicular cyst
41
Q

In what population does Bikini enamel occur?

42
Q
  • Affects ONLY crowns or portions of crowns developing at the time of insult
  • Epithelium problem
  • Ameloblasts are vulnerable to injury (hypoxia, chemicals, trauma, drugs) can become etched into the enamel
  • Ameloblasts can recover and produce enamel again = Bands of Enamel
A

Enamel Hypoplasia: Environmental

43
Q

What can cause Enamel Hypoplasia? (5)

A
  • Childhood infections
  • Congenital Syphilis
    • Hutchinson’s incisors
    • Mulberry molars
  • Birth trauma/Cerebral Palsy
  • Vitamin Deficiency:
    • A = Enamel
    • C = Collagen
    • D = Deficient miineralization
  • Maternal Diabetes
44
Q

Affects ENTIRE Crown of BOTH Dentitions

Epithelium problem

A

Enamel Hypoplasia/Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Inherited

45
Q

What are the Characteristics of Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  • Calcification, histology, and mineralization all normal
  • Enamel matrix is thin
    • ​Spacing between teeth: due to enamel that should be present
    • Radiograph shows thin enamel - even in teeth that havent erupted yet
  • Small, yellow teeth with rough enamel surface, significant attrition, anterior open bite, and open contacts
  • Teeth resemble crown preps, and some teeth can fail to erupt
46
Q

What are the Characteristics of Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  • Normal thickness, but doesn’t calcify right
  • Soft, shallow, brown discolored enamel
  • Enamel flakes off occlusal and incisal surfaces, and is easily damaged by dental tools and the cavitron
  • Shows up radiographically, not the normal RO of enamel, but similar to the opacity of dentin
47
Q

What are the Characteristics of Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  • Normal thickness of matrix and normal calcification
  • Post-calcification - crystals of calcium fail to grow and interlock
  • Discolored crowns with normal anatomy
    • Snow Caps
    • Mottled, opaque whie enamel with scattered areas of brown discoloration
  • Can’t penetrate with explorer, but vulnerable to cavitron
48
Q

What is the treatment for Hypoplastic and Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Veneers or Full Crowns

49
Q

What is the treatment for Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Might not need crowns, but be careful not to damage with dental instruments

50
Q

Deciduous Tooth erupts looking chipped

A

Turner Tooth

51
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Turner’s Tooth?

A
  • Focal Enamel Hypoplasia of Succedaneous tooth
  • Due to trauma, or periapical inflammation in the overlying deciduous tooth, not a systemic problem affecting amelobalsts
52
Q

What teeth are most commonly affected with Turner’s Tooth?

A

Deciduous Molars and Maxillary Centrals

53
Q

What concentration of fluoride causes Flurosis?

54
Q

What are the characteristics of teeth with Fluorosis?

A
  • Opaque, brown, chalky white areas
  • NOT hypoplastic, just discoloration
  • Caries resistant
  • No x-ray findings - enamel looks normal
55
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  • CT Problem
    • Mesenchymal defect affecting dentin
  • Enamel is normal although teeth look bad
    • See dentin through translucent enamel
56
Q

What teeth are affected in Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?

A

All teeth of BOTH dentitions, but teeth developing latest are least affected

57
Q

What is the appearance of the teeth in Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  • Opalescent and brown/purple
  • Pulp Chambers completely lost
  • Roots thinner and shorter
  • Crowns bulbous/tulip shaped
58
Q

What are the dental considerations for DI?

A
  • Caries is not a problem - dentinal tubules are spared
  • A pt with DI is at NO risk of getting OI
    • But a pt with OI will get DI
  • Early attrition can lead to exposure of thin pulp horns which can lead to loss of crown length and PA pathosis
  • Implants and Dentures are the recommended treatment
59
Q

What is the etiology of Dentin Dysplasia Type I and II?

A

Autosomal Dominant

60
Q

What are the characteristics of teeth in a person with Dentin Dysplasia Type I?

A
  • Rootless Teeth - absent/very short
  • Obliteration of pulp chamber
    • Like in DI
61
Q

What are the characteristics of teeth in a person with Dentin Dysplasia Type II?

A
  • Crowns of deciduous teeth resemble Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
  • Permanent dentition looks normal
  • X-ray shows thistle tube pulpe chambers + pulp stones
62
Q

What are the characteristics of Regional Odontodysplasia?

A

Ghost Teeth

  • 1 or 2 teeth per quad
  • Pulp chambers are enormous
  • Thin enamel and dentin
  • Many teeth don’t erupt
  • Subject to early pulp and PA pathosis for those that do erupt

Oral Pathology Exam 4 (7 decks)

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