Developmental, Behavioral and Mental Health #1 Flashcards
What is the most ideal parenting style?
Authoritative
What is bullying?
A repetitive and aggressive peer abuse where there is power imbalance
How can children that are being bullied present?
Vague somatic complaints and an increase in school absenteeism
Characteristics of bullies
Impulsive, easily frustrated, and positive attitude toward violence
Bullying Management
-Introduce concept to parents @6 year visit
-NO group therapy, mediation, or suspension
-Parents should not confront parents of bully
What is the most common ACE (adverse childhood event)?
Economic hardships and divorce/separation of caregivers
What is ASD?
Developmental disorder that affects communication/ behavior (generally appear in the first 2 years of life)
ASD etiology and incidence?
Etiology: Genetic/EV, highly inheritable
4x more common in boys
ASD presentation:
Delays in language/play/social interactions before 3 years considered diagnostic criteria
ASD diagnostic criteria:
- Persistent deficit in social comm/interaction across multiple settings
- Lack of social reciprocity
- Lack of nonverbal comm (gestures, facial expressions, abnormal eye contact)
- Repetitive movements
- Inflexible adherence
- Highly fixed interests
- Over-response or lack of to EV stimuli
ASD Diagnostics:
- EEG for seizures/lang delay
- CMO or WES
- Urine AA+organic acids; met screen for PKU
- DNA probe for Fragile X
ASD Treatment:
Screening, developmental surveillance, developmental screening @9/18/30 mos, ASD specific screening @18/24 mos
What are some ADHD risk factors?
- Delayed CNS maturation
- Genetics
- Pre/post- natal trauma/illness
- Dysfunction of catecholamine neurotransmitters
- Preemies, LBW, prenatal tobacco exposure
Does a child’s impulsivity and hyperactivity persist into adolescence?
No, but inattention does
ADHD Diagnostic Criteria (INATTENTION):
Frequently…
- does not pay attention to details, careless mistakes
- trouble paying attention
- appears to not be listening
- difficulty completing instructions or finishing activities
- trouble organizing tasks and activities
- avoid tasks requiring sustained mental effort
- loses necessary objects
- easily distracted
- forgetful
ADHD Diagnostic Criteria (HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPULSIVITY):
Frequently…
- fidgets
- will climb/ run inappropriately
- unable to quietly play or partake in leisurely activities
- “on the go”
- blurt out answer before end of question
- cannot wait for their turn
- will interrupt others during conversation/game playing
ADHD diagnostics:
History and PE (full neuro exam), lead, genetics, standardized tools
ADHD Standardized assessment tools
- Connor’s abbreviated parent-teacher questionnaire
- Vanerbilt
- SNAP-IV
- ACTeRS (teachers and parents)
- CHild behavior Checklist
- BASC
- ADHD Rating scale-ICV
- Brown ADD scales
ADHD Treatment:
Behavioral therapy and medication, structured environment
ADHD Pharmacotherapy:
- Methylphenidate: 20-30 min before meals and NO PM dose
- Dextroamphetamine: rapid response
- Atomoxetine: NONSTIMULANT and LESS INSOMNIA
What are the unacceptable side effects of ADHD medications?
Insomnia and growth retardation
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?
Fearful of separation from attachment figures
What risk factors are related to SAD?
A significant life stressor, genetics, personality, overprotective parents
What is General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
A disorder where a child is anxious or worried
