Developmental - Bandura

Question 1

What type of behaviourist theory did ban dura believe in

Answer 1

Social learning theory -

We learn through imitation of those around us

Question 2

Strength and weakness of behaviourism

Answer 2

Directly observable behaviour less subject to demand characteristics
Used for application - education - teacher should act as a positive role model so children replicate good behaviour
Weakness- much research is on animals e.g skinner pigeons on operant conditioning and classical - pavlova dogs
To simplistic to explain behaviour

Question 3

Aim of study

Answer 3

To investigate the imitation of aggression between children who witnessed an aggressive role model and those hidden who witnessed a non aggressive role model

Question 4

What was carried out before the study and why

Answer 4

Observation carried out by experimenters and teach to evaluate children’s level of aggression - n a 5 point rating scale
Physical , verbal, towards inanimate objects, inhibition
To balance out aggression of children in each condition so there wasn’t a group full of naturally aggressive children - affect validity

Question 5

Participants

Answer 5

72 children
From Stanford university nursery
36 boys and girls
Aged between 3years I month (37 months ) 5years 9 month (69months

Question 6

Conditions

Answer 6

Aggressive condition
24 children - 6 boys same sex model 6 girls same sex model 6 boys opposite sex model 6 girls opposite sex model
Non aggressive
- 24 children same organisation as aggressive condition
Control 24 children no exposure to any aggression

Question 7

Iv

Answer 7

Behaviour of model - a na or c
Sex of model
Sex of child

Question 8

Room 1

Answer 8

Experimental room 10 minutes
Children would play with potato prints adult role model on opposite of the room where there was a table and chair would play with tinker toys e.g. Construction toys and there was a five foot inflatable bobo doll

Aggressive - would play with tt for 1 would be aggressive towards bobo doll
Na - would ignore bobo doll and play with tinker toys nicely

Question 9

Arousal condition why ?

Answer 9

Ben if there was arousal the children in non aggressive condition would still not show aggressive behaviour emphasising the inhibitory influence of non aggressive model

Question 10

Mild arousal room

Answer 10

Allowed to play with attractive toys such as fire engines , doll set then after 2 minutes weren’t allowed to play with them they were reserved (better toys) for other children
Gave them something to be aggressive about

Question 11

Condition 3

Answer 11

Variety of aggressive and non aggressive toys
Bobo doll, dart guns ball hanging from seen, mallet
No non aggressive toys - farm animals crayons etc
20 minutes observed through one way glass time point sample used every 5 seconds note behaviour shown

Question 12

Measure of imitation

Answer 12

Physical aggression - initiative hitting bobo with mallet
Imitation of verbal aggression hit him down
Imitative non agressive verbal - he keeps coming back for more
Partial imitation -
Mallet aggression - hitting other objects with mallet
Sitting on bobo
Non imitative - verbal shoot the bobo
Agressive gun play
Non agressive measures

Question 13

Results

Answer 13

Seeing agressive models - a group would shore more aggression = correct - 21.3 aggression na - 7.2
Boys more likely to be agressive
Correct for physical aggression - boys 38.2 girls - 12.7
No difference in verbal agrgression
Influence of sex of model - it’s showed more physical and verbal imitative no non imitative aggression when exposed to make model than girls
Girls showed more imitative verbal aggression with female model and non imitative aggression than boys

Question 14

Research method

Answer 14

Lab- in manipulated - sex of model , sex of child in each condition , behaviour of model
Controlled setting - had three specific rooms were certain hints happened e.g 1 display of model behaviour 2 arousal 3 observation matched participants
Children were matched into conditions based off of level of aggression previously assessed would control participant variables and increase validity

Question 15

Data

Answer 15

Quantative - collected results of behaviour from one point sample against behavioural categories - analyse data see if they support hypothesis
Qualitative - comments made by children
E.g this ain’t no way for a lady to behave - shows effect of cultural social norms

Question 16

Ethical issues

Answer 16

Could cause harm - exposed to aggressive behaviour would mould their future behaviour iffy cult to debrief- tell them not to be agressive in the future
Arousal - told couldn’t play with toys - self confidence and esteem issues seeming not good enough to play with toys
End justifies the means
In 60s ethical guideline and society views of development of children very different to now

Question 17

Validity -

Answer 17

THe model had certain number of actions to be repeated an exact number of times so children didn’t receive different a acts - less extraneous variable
Whether children would still act the same in sevral weeks time it tested questionable how long term the learning lasted effect of external influences

Question 18

Ecological validity

Answer 18

Controlled variables reduce ecological validity

Question 19

Reliability

Answer 19

Controls - standardised shows could be highly replicable with so many children - reliable
Not large enough to establish a constant effect on 6 children in each condition - not reliable

Question 20

Sample

Answer 20

Restricted - lung children will imitate adults does not tell us anything about how likely adults will imitate behaviour - children not representative of whole population
All from Stanford university - parents all have socio economics status limited in representation of other children therefore generalisability is limited

Question 21

Ethnocentrism

Answer 21

America - high level of gun ownership - at affect likilihood of children here to learn agressive behaviour research isnethno centric if assume that same imitative nature f learn I behaviour happens in every culture
Ethnocentric doesn’t take into account cultural norm s that may influence child’s behaviour

Question 22

Link to area and perspectives

Answer 22

Falls within developmental - shows how environment around ( particularly in terms of adults behaviour ) can affect behaviour end up adopting
Behaviourist - suggest social learning theory introduces a new idea behind classical and operant conditioning
Cognitive - social learning theory contains cognitive components such as attention and memory
Attention notice behaviour
Which was shown by agressive role model
Then retain memory what adult does may be more likely to happen if reward or punishment

Question 23

Link to key theme

Answer 23

Demonstrated the importance of environment in which child is brought up in. As these external factors e.g behaviour of adults around them will shape that persons behaviour