Developmental Area Flashcards
Key concepts
Nature versus nurture -this debate looks at the relative importance of genetics (nature ) over the experience (nurture ) some behaviours have a strong genetic component, e.g. children, crawling and walking, but some characteristics we share with our parents may be due to being brought up by them (nurture) Rather than sharing their genes , nature.
Stages, if development involves emergence of new strategies and skills at different times it is useful to talk about stages of development you can use in informal stages e.g. the terrible twos or more formal ideas. E.g. fraud stage of psychosexual development. A stage approach helps us to see the sequence of development that occurs in many children .
Every day applications
Improving the lies of young children, for example, reducing asthma, attacks and young children by increasing their use of spacer device (the fun in chaney et al )study
Improving parenting, Bandura et al shows that aggression has learned from role models. This highlights the importance of parents being non-aggressive and demonstrating positive behaviours towards their children. E.g. good health routines
Reducing exposure to violence Bandera showed that viewing aggressive behaviour may increased imitation of such behaviour. This suggest the need for regulation of what is shown on television.
Similarities
Developmental psychology shares much of its approach a method with social psychology e.g. looking at the development of aggression. It also uses some techniques from cognitive psychology to investigate how children develop their cognitive processes e.g. kohlberg study of how thinking develops
Differences
Are the areas of psychology paid less attention to her behaviour changes over time e.g. Cognitive studies tend to use Snapchat studies to focus on the individual characteristics and cognitive processes.
Evaluation
+ interaction between nature and nurture demonstrated and development studies e.g. Bandura showed aggression can be learned by observing role models and suggested that such learning within interact with an innate tendencies to be more aggressive
Demand characteristics are less likely to affect results because children are often the participants e.g. Chaney use of fun haler
Ethical issues conducting research with children who are unable to give their own consent e.g. photographs of the participants in Bandas study due to calculate without their direct consent
Longitude and research is not always easy because participants drop out overtime leaving a buyer sample. This might have happened in Cheney to study if it had continued.
Links between area and perspective/debates
Behavioural perspective, both Bandera and Chaney behaviour is learned e.g. Chaney showed how Enjoyment of using a funhaler acted as direct reinforcement.
Psychodynamic perspective
The concept of identification is used to explain social learning in Banduras study as boys identified more with the same gender model
Nature/nature
Bandura asked the question where the children are born to be aggressive, or whether they learn to be aggressive through imitation (nurture)
Free will/determinism
Kohlberg argued that moral thinking, is determined mercy by innate processes that unfold throughout maturation Lee et al suggest, social and cultural factors determine how moral development progresses
Individual/situational
There is support for situational explanations as children’s behaviour is affected by external influences, e.g. exposure to a use of fun haler in Chaney et Al’s study
Usefulness
Bandera study helps to reduce aggression in children and chaney research. Has obvious usefulness in reducing asthma attacks and children.
Links between the developmental area and core studies
Core study 1
Bandura study shows us that people learn new behaviours they have observed from the environment e.g. aggression towards a Bobo doll from a role model and they then generalise the behaviours to other situations. This changes their development.
Link between developmental area and Core study 2
Chaney looks at how children can learn to increase compliance to a medical regime for asthma, using the external influence of a fun healer. This supports the nurture position in the nature/nurture debate. Suggesting that nurture is an important influence on development.
Link between developmental area and core study three
Colberg’s theory of moral development consist of three levels, each divided into two stages. For example, children and the preconventional level passed through the stages of punishment and instrumental orientations before moving onto the conventional level. This progression is determined by nature suggesting that nature is an important influence on development.
Link between developmental area and core study 4
Lee et al highlight age related changes in truth, telling suggesting that continued exposure to the Chinese culture. Emphasis on modesty has an impact on moral development. For example, Chinese children and prosocial situations rated true telling less positively than Canadian children. Do this suggest that nurture is an important influence on development.
