Developmental Flashcards
The first year in life is prone to accidents to the point that it is not surprising that death is most prominent.
Newborns and Infants
What are the common accidents during infancy?
Burns, choking and suffocation, falls, and poisoning
It is the year of curiosity
Toddlerhood
They are experiencing the world and are usually fascinated by pools and busy streets, two of which are some of the potential dangers lurking in the corner
Toddlers
Children at this age are unusually active but very clumsy
Preschoolers
The perfect age for safety education
Preschoolers
Their cognitive and motor skills increase quickly so (answer) should be keep up with the acquisition of skills.
Safety measures
What must continue because preschoolers are still not-reliant on safety matters?
Constant surveillance
Children now at this stage think before they act
School-age Children
They like fantasy and magical thinking and are usually known for imitating adults.
School-age Children
They are especially prone to injuries caused by outdoor activities and recreational equipment.
School-age Children
Their level of responsibility, common sense, and ability to resist peer pressure must be assessed at this stage.
Adolescence
This is also the stage where some take driver license
Adolescence
Sport injuries, suicide, and homicide are just some of the safety concern that nurses and parents should be concerned with.
Adolescence
The injury rate is affected by physiological factors and work-related responsibilities
Middle-aged Adults
They are particularly at risk for accidents and injuries because of their limited vision, slow reflexes, and brittle bones
Older Adults
What is one of the major concerns when taking care of older Adults?
Injury prevention
Factors affecting safety
Lifestyle
Mobility and Health Status
Sensory Perceptual Alterations
Emotional State
Cognitive Awareness
Environmental Factors
Safety Awareness
Ability to communicate
Lifestyle Factors affecting safety
Unsafe work environments
Residence in neighborhood with high
crime rates and access to firearms
Insufficient income to purchase safety equipment and make necessary repairs
Access to illicit drugs
Alteration in mobility related to paralysis, muscle weakness, diminished balance and lack of coordination
Spinal cord injuries and paralysis
Assessment (Nursing History and Physical Examination)
Age and Developmental
General Health Status
Mobility Status
Presence or absence of physiological or perceptual deficits such as olfactory, visual, tactile, taste or other sensory impairments
Altered thought process or impaired cognitive or emotional capabilities.
Substance Abuse
Any indications of abuse or neglect
Accident and Injury history
Assessment (Risk Assessment tools)
Determine clients at risk for specific type of injury like falls
Evaluate the factors affecting safety
Assessment (other causative factors)
Abnormal Blood Profile
Impaired Psychometric performance
Impaired sensory function
Changes in cognitive function
Weakened immune system
Physical Barriers
Improper use of Assistive Devices
Engaging in an unsafe mode of transportation
Lack of knowledge regarding environmental hazards
Diagnosis Risks
Risk for injury related to sensory impairment
Risk for injury related to cognitive impairment
Risk for injury related to medication side effects
Risk for injury related to compromised skin integrity
Risk for injury related to invasive procedures
Risk for injury related to impaired judgment secondary to psychiatric conditions
Risk for injury related to environmental hazards
Within 8 hours of nursing intervention and treatment, the patient will…
Determine the factors that increase their risk for injury and will demonstrate behaviors to avoid injury
Within 4 hours of nursing intervention and teaching, the patient will…
Within 4 hours of nursing intervention and teaching, the patient will…
remain free of injuries
In implementation, what do you consider if a patient is notably disoriented?
Special Safety Bed
In implementation, what do you consider if a patient has a traumatic brain injury?
Emory cubical bed
An efficient and useful alternative to restraint
Special Safety Bed
They require a health care provider’s order to prevent falls and provide a safer environment
Emory cubical bed
In implementation, what do you consider if a patient has a new set of delirium?
Render Reality Orientation
It can help limit or decrease the confusion that increases the injury when the patient becomes agitated.
Reality Orientation
Is a useful approach and form of communication to a person with mild-moderate stage of dilemma
Validation Therapy
It relieves client stress and minimizes behavioral disturbances.
Validation Therapy
In implementation, to prevent the incidence of accidental falling or pulling out tubes, what should you consider?
Ask Family or significant others to be with the patient.
Who has the big role in hospitalized children and at ensuring their safety and protection against medical errors.
Parents.
In implementation, what should you consider if patients with decreased cognition or sensory deficits cannot discriminate between extremes in temperature?
Avoid extreme temperatures (e.g heating pads and hot water for bath/showers)
Affect a person’s mobility and judgement that led to being prone to burn injury
Age-related physiological changes and cognitive conditions such as dementia, peripheral arterial disease and diabetes.
In implementation, what allows nurses to closely observe patients with high risk of injury and falls to provide interventions?
Place patient near Nurses’ station
Lets the patient know that the nurse understands the information and concerns of the patient.
Validation
In implementation, how do you deal with patients that has visual impairments?
Educate them and their caregivers to use labels with bright colors such as yellow or red in significant places in the environment that can be easily located.
In implementation, what is the single most effective technique to prevent infection?
Hand Hygiene
Interventions promoting safety through proper identification
1) Establish protocols
2) Identify Clients Correctly
3) Provide medical bracelets for patients at risk of injury
4) Establish a standardized system
5) Use non-verbal approaches
6) Label blood and other specimen containers in front of the patient
7) Use active communication if possible
Interventions preventing the risk of injury due to medication errors
1) Administer medications using the 10 rights of medication administration.
2) Put a label on all medications, drug containers, bottles, syringes, or other solutions on/off sterile areas.
3) Ensure Accurate and complete medication transfer from admission, transfer, and discharge.
4) Provide extra caution to clients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
5) Review the clients medication regime
Interventions to prevent trauma or injuries caused by Seizures
A) Teach patients and significant others to identify and familiarize warning signs for seizures.
B) Avoid using thermometers that can cause breakage.
C ) Monitor and record type, onset, duration, and characteristics of seizure activity.
D ) Uphold strict bedrest if prodromal signs of aura is experienced.
E) Turn head to the side during seizure activity to allow secretions to drain out of the mouth.
F) Put away all hazards in the room
G) Support head, place on a padded area, or assist to the floor if out of bed
H) Do not restrain the patient
I ) Monitor and document antiepileptic drug levels
J) Maintain a lying position on, flat surface.
K) Loosen cloth from neck or chest and abdominal areas
L) Supervise supplemental oxygen or bag verticillation as needed postictally.
Lack of oxygen due to interrupted breathing
Suffocation or Asphyxiation
One common reason for choking
Food or foreign object lodged on throat
The emergency response for choking
Heimlich maneuver
Interventions preventing risk of injury due to impaired mobility
A) Aid the patient when sitting or standing up from a chair or chair with an armrest.
B) To ensure propulsion with legs or arms, ensure that the chair or wheelchair fit the patient’s needs.
C) Limit the use of wheelchairs as much as possible because they can serve as restraining devices
D) Use assistive devices
E) Consider the principles of body mechanics before any procedure
F) Educate patients about safety ambulation at home
G) Coordinate with a physical therapist for strengthening exercises and gait training to increase mobility.
Are devices used to reduce or prevent physical activity of a client or a part of a body of a client when the client is unable to remove the device.
Restraints.
Types of Restraints
Physical Restraints
Chemical Restraints
Seclusion
Enclosure Beds
Mitt Restraints
Roll Belts
Limb restraints
What type of Restraint that use an intervention or device that hinders the client from moving or restricts the individual from contact with his or her body.
Physical Restraints
What type of Restraint that uses medication to control behavior or restrict client’s freedom of movement and is not the standard treatment for the client’s medical or psychological condition
Chemical Restraints
What type of Restraint is the involuntary confinement of a client alone in a room or area from which the client is physically prevented from leaving
Seclusion
Interventions preventing risk of injury due to poor vision.
A) Ensure Eyeglasses are functional
B) Ensure Appropriate Grading
C) Mark doorways and edges of steps if possible
D) Keep the environment tidy
Interventions preventing risk of injury due to cognitive dysfunction
A) Set safety limits
B) Remove unsafe objects
Interventions preventing risk of injury due to impaired gait or balance
A) Wear shoes or well-fitted slippers with nonskid shoes
B) Use ambulatory devices as necessary
C) Provide assistance with ambulation as needed
D) Monitor Gait and Balance
E) Adapt living arrangements to one floor if necessary
F) Ensure uncluttered environment with securely fastened rugs
G) Encourage exercise and activity as tolerated to maintain muscle strength, Joint flexibility and balance.
A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing after sitting or lying down
Orthostatic hypotension
How do you prevent Orthostatic hypotension
Instruct client to rise slowly from a lying to sitting to standing position, and to stand for several seconds before walking.
As a nurse, how do you assist in Urinary Frequency with Clients?
Provide a bedside and assist with voiding on a frequent and scheduled basis
As a nurse, how do you assist in clients with weakness from disease process or therapy
Encourage client to summon help and monitor activity tolerance
As a nurse, how do you assist in clients with current medication regime
1) Attach one-quarter to one-half length side nails to the bed if appropriate
2) Keep the rails in place where the bed is in the lowest position
3) Monitor orientation and alertness status
4) Discuss how alcohol contributes to fall-related injuries
5) Encourage clients not to mix alcohol and medications and to avoid alcohol when necessary.
6) Encourage annual or more frequent review of all medications prescribed
