Developmental Flashcards
Gross motor milestones in a 6 week old
Head lag still present on pulling from supine to sitting position.
Head can be held in same plane as body when held in ventral suspension.
Fine motor and vision at 6 weeks
Fixes and follows through 90 degrees in the horizontal plane
Language at 6 weeks
Makes throaty noises
Social milestones at 6 weeks
Smiles in response to appropriate stimuli
Gross motor milestones at 3 months
- Able to raise head and chest on forearms in prone position
- Head steady when pulled to sit
Fine motor and vision milestones at 3 months
- Fix and follow through 180 degrees in horizontal plane.
- Hands beginning to be brought to midline
- Attempts to make contact with offered object.
What language and communication skills would you expect from an 18 month old child?
- Single words - up to 50 Jargon communication
- Word strings…mum…car…keys
- Pseudo 2 word utterances….allgone
- Dances or bounces to music
- Follows simple one-step instructions
- Looks at person talking
- Identifies objects in a book
- Looks for objects out of sight
What language and communication skills would you expect from a 24 month old child?
- 2 words together ….daddygone
- Uses words to request objects rather than just to name
- Can ask questions….whats this?
- Can answer questions…whats this?
- Names objects and pictures spontaneously
- Responds to simple to part requests
- Uses negatives….no
- Points to some body parts when asked
- Use of jargon decreases
What language and communication skills would you expect from a 3 yr old child?
- 3 or more word sentences
- Vocab of several hundred words
- Talks about things not present eg. happened in the past
- Uses some adjectives and adverbs
- Talks about actions of others
- Adds information to that of others
- Asks increasing number of questions
- Answers Qs
- Refers to self with full name
- Enjoys repeating words and sounds
- Initiates simple actions
- Can listen attentively to short stories and books
Autism is a neurobehavioural disorder involving a triad of impairments/restrictions. What is the triad?
- Impairments in social skills
- Impairments in communication
- Repetitive and stereotype patterns of behaviour
At 9, 12 and 18 months what do you expect in joint attention?
- 9 mo follow pointing
- 12mo proto imperative pointing (object is the goal)
- 18mo proto declarative pointing (sharing is the goal), bring objects to show caregiver
For a couple who already have a child with ASD, what is the chance of the next child also having ASD?
20%
In ASD, the antipsychotic risperidone can help with what type of behaviour?
Self-injurious behaviour
The PURPLE period describes a time in infancy which is stressful for parents due to the infants crying. What does the PURPLE stand for?
P - Peak of Crying. Baby cries more each week. Cries most at 2 months and then decreases at 3-4 months
U - Unexpected. Crying can come and go and you don’t know why.
R - Resists soothing. Your baby may not stop crying no matter what you try.
P - Pain-like face. Baby may look like they are in pain, even when they are not.
L - Long lasting. Can last up to 5 hours per day, sometimes more.
E - Evening. Your baby may cry more in the late afternoon and evening.
What is the normal developmental task of the “terrible two’s”? (Toddler period)
Develop autonomy and independence.
What are the main developmental tasks in the preschool period (3-5 years)?
Language, cognitive ability and social-emotional skills.
What is narcolepsy?
Clinical syndrome of excessive daytime sleepiness with cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.
What is insomnia of childhood?
Repeated difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep that occurs despite age-appropriate time and opportunity for sleep.
One of the most common sleep disorders found in infants and toddlers is behavioural insomnia of childhood, sleep onset association type. Why do children develop this disorder?
The child learns to fall asleep only under certain conditions or associations which typically require parental presence, ie. being rocked or fed, and does not develop the ability to self soothe.
During the night, the pt then wakes as part of normal sleep cycle (brief arousal at end of 60-90 min cycle) and is not able to go back to sleep without the same conditions being present.
Behavioural insomnia of childhood, limit setting type is a type of sleep disturbance more common in preschool aged and older children. How does this disorder develop and what type of behaviours do the children display?
Often the result of parental difficulties in limit setting, and managing behaviour. Includes the unwillingness to set consistent bedtime rules and enforce a regular bedtime routine. May be exacerbated by the childs oppositional behaviour.
Typical behaviours include stalling and refusing to go to bed.
What is psychophysiologic or primary insomnia?
AKA “learned insomnia”. Insomnia that is not primarily a result of parent behaviour, another sleep disturbance or a psychiatric illness.
Usually occurs in adolescents and is characterised by learned sleep preventing associtions and heightened physiologic arousal resulting in sleeplessness and decreased daytime functioning.
A hallmark is excssive worry about sleep and an exaggerated concern of the potential daytime consequences.
What is the BEARS screening tool?
A screening tool assessing the five major sleep disorders affecting children aged 2-18 years.
B - Bedtime problems
E - Excessive daytime sleepiness
A - Awakenings during the night
R - Regularity and duration of sleep
S - Snoring
Sleepwalking, sleep terrors and confusional arousals are all partial arousal parasomnias which are more common in preschool and school aged children because of the relatively higher percentage of slow wave sleep in younger children.
What are the clinical manifestations of the partial arousal parasomnias?
- Usually amnesia for the events.
- Occurs at transition out of “deep” or SWS so has clinical features of awake (ambulation, vocalizations) and sleeping (high arousal threshold, unresponsiveness to the environment) states.
- Typically during first few hours of sleep
- Few minutes to an hour
- Sleep terrors are sudden in onset with high degree of autonomic arousal (tachycardia, dilated pupils).
- Attempts at comforting or waking results in increased agitation. Pt also avoids comforting and waking.
According to Erikson’s, what psychosocial crises occur at ages:
- 0-2 years
- 2-4 years
- 4-5 years
- 5-12 years
- 13-19 years
- Basic trust vs mistrust
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
- Initiative vs guilt
- Industry vs inferiority
- Identity vs role confusion
What are some impaired social skills demonstrated by a child with ASD?
- Non-verbal behaviours eg eye contact, body posture
- Failure to develop peer relationships
- Lack of social and emotional sharing
What are some impairments in verbal and non verbal communication demonstrated by a child wtih ASD?
- Delay in development of spoken language
- No attempt to communicate by other means
- Inability to initate conversation
- Stereotyped and repetitive language, lack of imaginative play
