Development theories timeline

Question 1

Dependency

Answer 1

WST (Wallerstein 1979)

Structural relationship of dependency (Frank 1967)

Question 2

Development state

Answer 2

Johnson (1982)
can involve modernisation
strong state - drives industrialisation
control of economy

Question 3

ICT4D

Answer 3

use of tech and communications in socioeconomic fields of development and human rights

Question 4

After modernisation (1970s onwards)

Answer 4

comparative advantage (Ricardo)
Free market = solution 
Neoliberalisation globalisation 
Debt crisis 1980 
Washington concensus 1989 
abandoned industrialisation

Question 5

Neoliberalism

Answer 5

market = main actor (Hayek)
reduced public sector
underpinned SAPs
trade barriers lowered (globalisation)

Question 6

Orientalism (Said 1978)

Answer 6

binary divisions
west dominates the ‘orient’
west inflicted knowledge

Question 7

Bottom up 1980s + 90s

Answer 7

= post-modernism (Hettne 1995)
gender, participation, disability, environment
alternative to mainstream aid

Question 8

Grass-roots

Answer 8

participatory approach
‘putting the last first’
AID = problem - biases

Question 9

Critques - left

Answer 9

eurocentric (Escobar 1995) 
failure
capitalist
'top-down'
environmentally destructive

Question 10

Critiques - right

Answer 10

failure
comparative advantage
inefficient
blocked the free market

Question 11

Participatory approach

Answer 11

acknowledge non-western (Chambers 1997) knowledge
experimental learning
give voice to others