development theories Flashcards
Freud’s psychosexual theory
stages of psychosexual develpment determine personality
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latency
- genital
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
- trust vs. mistrust
- autonomy vs. shame + doubt
- initiative vs. guilt
- industry vs. inferiority
- identity vs. identity confusion
- intimacy vs. isolation
- generativity vs. stagnation
- integrity vs. despair
Piaget’s cognitive development theories
children construct their understanding via organization + adaptation
Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory
children actively construct their knowledge based on culture ++ social interaction
Information-processing Theory
How data is received, retained, and retrieved, monitored, strategized
Skinners operant conditioning
reinforcements create behavior using stimuli
Consequences, rewards and punishment, shape behavior
Banduras social cognitive theory
learning through observation
interactions among behavior, person/cognition, and environment
Lorenz study of imprinting
imprinting is strongly influenced by biology which is tied to evolution
Bowlbys attachment theory
Attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important consequences throughout the life span
must be positive + secure relationship
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological theory
environmental systems
- microsystem: family, school, community
- mesosystem: connected between micro and exosystem. Peers
- exosystem: outer influences that affect how close a parent can be
a. i.e. friends of family, mass media, social welfare, neighbors - macrosystem: attitudes and ideologies of culture
- chronosystem: patterning of environmental events + transitions over life course
Dynamic Systems Theory
Both internal components of the organism and the external context of the task are equivalent in determining the outcome of behavior because behavior is task-specific
