Development Profiles Flashcards
What was housing like in Finalndd during the early 1990s
- Early 1990s there was limited supply of rental properties (the number of rental properties fell by 11% between 1975 and 1985 ) in a highly regulated market.
- Rising costs and unable to raise prices due to rent control caused exodus of landlords from market
- Caused black market to emerge, avoiding rent control and tax, and caused tenants to pay significantly more than market value for their properties’ rent
What was the effect abolishing rent control in 1995
- Rent control was abolished in 1995 causing rental supply to increase 45% in 1990-2000
- This caused black market to fall apart and prices to fall
How did Botswana esacpe the natural resource curse
- Use resources creatively; 50/50 ownership, trade deal with European Economic Committee, loan from IMF
- Upheld civil liberties and freedom of law; lowest for corruption + instability
- Diversify and improve human capital; 90% of citizens have ana education and 65% employed in service sector
How much did the welath of a citizen in Botswana increase by in just 13 years
12,000%
However, it places high on inequality due to diamond sector being biggest growth and exporter
How has the EU countered Chinese aid in Africa
150 billion of the Global Gateway funding will go to Africa
How has Africa used aid for influence in China
- Involved in estimated 35 countries, ports, power plants, railways
e.g. China has estiimated to invested more than $340 billion in Africa
e.g. important infastructure such as the Railyway line from mombasa to Nairobi or the Addis Abbada - Djibouti Railway
How much of Bangladesh’s exports are from the Garment Inudstry
2018: 83.49% as it has the 2nd lowest pay for production i n the world
What are the challenges facing Bangaldesh’s continued 7% growth
- Severe infastructure gap - only 20% of Dhaka has a sewage system
- Low complexity of imports - limited linkages to rest of economy
- Climte Change - threatens to get rid of 30% of food production by 2050
How is Rwanda utilising microfinance
initiated the Business Development Fund (BDF) which is providing guarantees and grants to accompany the ongoing financial inclusion initiatives with a deliberate effort targeting marginalised women and young girls
What are Rwanda’s financial policies
- Government- supported LTSS Long term saving scheme for basic pension benefits for half population
- Authorities prmoting a cashless economy; high mobile penetration, value of e-money has increased from0 in 2011 to 34% of GDP in 2018
What are Rwanda’s Supply-Side Policies
- Constructing 3 international airports; encourage trade + overcome landlockedness
- Carnegia Mellon Uniiversity Africa established in 2011 to produce creative and technically capable engineers - located in Kigali Innovation City
- Kigali Special Economic Zone to encourage manufacturing
What has been the effect of Rwanada’s strong instiutions, deregulation, property rights been on it’s ease of doing business
- Only Low Incoome Country in the top 100
- 29th easiest place to do business in the world
What has been the effect of the Kigali Special Economic Zone
- Creation of first phones made in Rwanda: Mara Phones in Partnership with Google
- Deal with Chinese firm Pink Mango to set up garment factory –> providing 7500 jobs and 20 million dollars in 5 years
How has Morocco diversified its export base away from farm exports to drive growth
Vehicles is now the biggest single export sector
Morocco overtook South Africa as Africa’s largest car maker with 400,000 cars in 2018
How has Morocco utilised its natural comparative advantage of benefits from 3,000 hours of sunshine per year
- The Noor Plant in Morocco is the world’s biggest concentrated solar power farm. It is the size of 3500 soccer fields and powers more than 1 million households.
