development of the symphony (2) Flashcards
what is a symphony
instrumental work for full-scale orchestra, usually in 4 movements (fast, slow, dance, fast)
what came before symphony that made it impossible
- underdeveloped instruments
> diff tuning, couldn’t play tg
> strings most compatible
= strings + vocals most NB
ancestors of symphony
- sinfonia
- concerto grosso
what are the ancestors of symphony examples of
baroque genres
sinfonia
- prelude to opera / in opera
- instrumental work
- similar to overture
concerto grosso
- small group of soloists
- big orchestra accomp group
= small orchestras
baroque orchestra
- never fixed no
- harpsichord conductor
- mainly strings
- wooden flute
- oboe
- trumpet
what moved baroque to classical orchestra
- mannheim school
- joseph haydn
classical orchestra
- bigger
- fixed
- more instruments
- 2nd violins
what was haydn known as
papa haydn
father of the symphony
how did he relate to mozart and beethoven
born before both
how did he relate to classical period
represents beginning of
haydn job
court composer
haydn contribution
> structure/form
- finalised sonata form as mvmt 1
- finalised minuet & trio as mvmt 3
- finale (mvmt 4) in rondo form
- exposition of sonata longer (2 themes)
instrumentation
- more solos
- fixed classical orchestra
- exploited characteristic timbres of woodwinds
how many symphonies did haydn write
104
