Development of the Nervous System: pg 3 & 4

Question 1

In the _____ week, the surface ectoderm thickens and folds downward to form the nervous system.

Answer 1

3rd

Question 2

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Lower motor neurons?

Answer 2

Neural tube

Question 3

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Oligodendrocytes? and what do they do?

Answer 3

Neural tube

They myelinate the axons in the CNS

Question 4

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Schwann cells? What do they do?

Answer 4

Neural crest

They myelinate and surround all axons in the PNS

Question 5

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Satellite cells? What do they do?

Answer 5

neural crest

They surround ganglion cells

Question 6

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: astrocytes? What do they do?

Answer 6

Neural tube

Modify the environment, regulates blood flow, forms scar tissue after injury (gliosis)

Question 7

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Dorsal root ganglion cells?

Answer 7

Neural Crest

Question 8

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Preganglionic autonomic neurons?

Answer 8

Neural Tube

Question 9

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Ependymal cells? What do they do?

Answer 9

Neural tube

They line the ventricles of the brain and secrete CSF into the choroid plexus.

Question 10

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Postganglionic autonomic neurons?

Answer 10

Neural crest

Question 11

Are these made up from neural tube or neural crest: Upper motor neurons?

Answer 11

Neural Tube

Question 12

What is an indicator of neural tube defects?

Answer 12

Elevated alpha fetoprotein levels in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum

Question 13

What is it called where there is a neural tube defect associated with the caudal neuropore?

Answer 13

Spina bifida

Question 14

What is the most common defect in the vertebral arches?

Answer 14

Spina bifida occulta (10% and usually in L5 or S1 region)

Question 15

What type of spina bifida cysticas has meninges that project through a vertebral defect forming a sac filled with CSF?

Answer 15

Meningocele

Question 16

What type of spina bifida cysticas has meninges and spinal cord and roots that project through a vertebral defect forming a sac and is usually in the lumbar or sacral region?

Answer 16

Meningomyelocele

Question 17

What is the most common of the cysticas?

Answer 17

Meningomyelocele

Question 18

What type of spina bifida cysticas has an open neural tube lying on the surface of the back and is the most sever type and very rare?

Answer 18

Myeloschisis (rachischisis)

Question 19

______________ is the failure of the cranial neuropore to close.

Answer 19

Anencephaly

Question 20

What occurs with anencephaly?

Answer 20

Brain tissue is exposed and the skull fails to form normally. A rudimentary brainstem may be present. This defect results in death.

Question 21

What is a meningocele?

Answer 21

Meninges herniated into a CSF filled sac.

Question 22

What is a meningoencephalocele?

Answer 22

Meninges and brain tissue herniated into a sac

Question 23

What is a meningohydroencephalocele?

Answer 23

Meninges, brain tissue, and ventricles herniated into a sac.

Question 24

What is it called where there is a displacement of the caudal cerebellar (tonsils) into the foramen magnum, associated with hydrocephalus?

Answer 24

Arnold Chiari malformation