Basic divisions of CNS: pgs 5-10 Flashcards
What makes up the telencephalon?
Cerebrum:
Cerebral cortex
Basal Ganglion
What makes up the diencephalon?
Thalamus & Hypothalamus
What Makes up the brainstem?
Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla
What makes up the spinal cord?
White and gray matter
What is the flow of CSF?
Choroid plexus makes CSF in lateral ventricles of the cerebrum, moves through the interventricular foramina of Monro, into the third ventricle (diencephalon), through the cerebral aqueduct (midbrain), to the fourth ventricle (pons, 2/3 medulla), and exit via foramina of Magendie (median) and 2 Luschka (lateral) into the subarachnoid space (all around SC and brain), and exit via the arachnoid granulations inot the dural venous sinuses which of course lead to the heart
Does CSF go down the spinal cord?
NO - it is only in the ventricles and subarachnoid space
Where is the lateral ventricles located?
Cerebrum
Where is the third ventricle located?
Diencephalon
Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?
Midbrain
Where is the fourth ventricle located?
Pons and upper 2/3 of the medulla
Where is the central canal located?
Lower 1/3 of medulla, spinal cord
It begins at obex in lower medulla and is closed in adults (no CSF).
What secretes the CSF?
Choroid plexus
Why is hydrocephalus?
Excess CSF accumulation in the brain which can lead to enlargement of the ventricle. It can be due to blockage of circulating CSF, deficient absorption or excessive production. IT can cause herniation and death
What is the difference between communication hydrocephalus and noncommunicating hydrocephalus?
Communicating: blockage within the subarachnoid space, commonly due to impaired CSF absorption in the arachnoid granulations
Noncommunicating: Obstruction of flow within the ventricles
Whati s congenital hydrocephalus frequently due to?
A narrow cerebral aqueduct.
What is a common treatment of a congenital hydrocephalus?
A one-way shunt into a ventricle, and allowing the excess fluid to flow into the abdominal cavity.
What type of hematoma is lens-shaped and biconvex?
Epidural - due to temporal fractures usually
What layer of the meninges contains bridging veins?
Subdural space
What layer of the meninges contains CSF and the major cerebral arteries and veins?
Subarachnoid space
What type of hematoma causes a crescent shaped hematoma?
Subdural
What layer of the meninges contains the meningeal arteries and their branches?
Epidural space
What layer of the meninges makes up the filum terminale?
Pia
What type of hemorrhage can be caused by aneurysms of cerebral vessels and bleeding in brain with leakage of RBCs into the subarachnoid space?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
