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Oral Biology > Development of the Craniofacial Skeleton > Flashcards

Development of the Craniofacial Skeleton Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is bone made of?

A

hydroxyapatite formed on a collagenous matrix, with various attendant non-collagenous proteins

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2
Q

endochondral bone

A

bone that is formed on a cartilage template

eg: long bones

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3
Q

intramembranous bone

A

bone that is formed from a condensation of mesenchyme

eg: most of mandible, skull plates

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4
Q

initiation

A

start of ossification, whether conversion of cartilage to bone, or condensation and ossification of mesenchyme/neural crest

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5
Q

growth

A

addition of more bony matrix to a pre-existing bone; thickening, elongation

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6
Q

primary displacement

A

movement of a bone due to its own growth

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7
Q

secondary displacement

A

movement of done due to growth of other bones

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8
Q

remodeling

A

growth involving simultaneous deposition and resorption on all peri and endosteal surfaces; changes size, shape, proportion, relationship with adjacent structures

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9
Q

drift

A

remodeling that results in movement of a bone towards the deposition surface

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10
Q

functional martix

A

a tissue that guides a bones growth by exerting a force upon the bone

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11
Q

bone growth can occur in either direction, it just depends on what?

A

the ratio of resorption to deposition and other structures

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12
Q

growth fields

A

where matrix can be laid down or resorbed

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13
Q

growth sites

A

fields of significance to growth of a bone

eg: mandibular condyle, maxillary tuberosity

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14
Q

growth centers

A

special growth sites, control overall growth of bone(epiphyseal plates of long bones)

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15
Q

what is considered the neuroncranium?

A

the brain pan( basically the bones encasing the brain)

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16
Q

neuroncranium: calvaria

A

skull cap
*intramembranous bone
*paraxial mesoderm and neural crest origin
also called the desmocranium

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17
Q

neurocranium: cranial base

A

the base of the skull

  • *endochondral bone, primarily neural crest
  • early form called chondrocranium
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18
Q

what is the viscerocranium?

A

the facial skeleton

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19
Q

what is the viscerocranium derived from

A

pharyngeal arches

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20
Q

what part of the skull grows more postnatally?

A

viscerocranium more than the desmocranium

21
Q

what bones make up the calvaria aka the desmocranium?

A

frontal, parietal, parts of occipital, temporal, sphenoid bones
**remember it is form intramembranously

22
Q

what is the endomeninx?

A

the inner layer of the calvaria,

-made of neural crest, and gives rise to pia mater and arachnoid mater

23
Q

what is the ectomeninx?

A

outer layer of the calvaria

-made from neural crest and paraxial mesoderm, and gives rise to the dura mater and the calvaria/bone

24
Q

sutures

A

mesenchymal gaps between bones of calvaria

25
Q

fontanelles

A

un-ossified suture between 2 or more skull bones

26
Q

what marks the end of bone growth of the calvaria

A

ossification of sutures

27
Q

what is anencephaly?

A

failure of rostral neural tube to close

*results in the loss of telencephalon

28
Q

what is craniosynostosis

A

premature fusion of the cranial vault sutures

29
Q

bones of the cranial base aka chondrocranium

A

frontal, parietal, parts of occipital, temporal, and sphenoid bones

30
Q

why does the chondrocranium form via endochondrial ossification and not intramembranous ossification?

A

ectomeninx in floor of brain forms cartilage in response to notochord and other epithelial signals, becomes chondrocranium, later undergoes endochondral ossification

31
Q

what is the embryological tissue that forms the nasal cavity?

A

nasal capsule

32
Q

what part of the nasal capsule does not ossify?

A

the nasal septal cartilage, this plays a large role in the downward/ forward growth of midface

33
Q

what happens as the chondrocranium grows?

A

it pushes the maxilla and the rest of the facial skeleton down and forward

34
Q

maxilla proper

A

intramembranous ossification of mesenchyme, forms from maxillary prominence/process

35
Q

premaxilla

A

intramembranous ossification of mesenchyme, forms from frontonasal process, forms primary palate, fuses with maxilla proper

36
Q

secondary cartilages

A

zygomatic process, alveolar plate, hard palate between palatine processes-mostly fetal growth roles

37
Q

the ossification center of the maxilla is associated with what cartilages?

A

nasal capsule

zygomatic or malar cartilage

38
Q

the alveolar plates form from what?

A

the forming maxilla and the junction of the palatal process and houses the tooth germs

39
Q

the maxilla forms and grows down and forward via?

A

primary and secondary displacement from the growth of the zygomatic and nasal septum cartilages

40
Q

how does the mandible form in terms of bone growth

A

intramembranous ossification

**forms lateral to Meckel’s cartilage (hyaline)

41
Q

what is the direction of ossification spread of the mandible?

A

posteriorly to form the body and ramus

anteriorly Meckel’s cartilage largely disappears and does not become the mandible proper

42
Q

what are the secondary cartilages that form from Meckel’s cartilage?

A

condylar, coronoid, and symphyseal

43
Q

why is the condylar cartilage important?

A

it extends into a cone running along the ramus and ossifies through endochondral ossification.
*condylar cartilage remains at the articular ends on the head

44
Q

T/F the mandible is both membranous and endochondral in nature?

A

true

45
Q

the cartilage of the mandible is not primary (Meckel’s) it is what kind?

A

secondary (derivatives)

46
Q

coronoid cartilage

A

disappears before birth, contribute -transiently to growth and development of the surround tissues

47
Q

symphyseal cartilages

A

disappear in the first year of birth

-transiently to growth and development of the surround tissues

48
Q

Condyle cartilage

A

important growth center for the ramus
does intramembranous ossification and then ossifies itself through endochondral ossification
* functions both in articulation at TMJ and in growth

Oral Biology (3 decks)

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