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Repro > Development Of Repro Tract > Flashcards

Development Of Repro Tract Flashcards

0
Q

What is a germ cell?

A

Any biological cell that gives rise to gametes

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1
Q

What is a karryotype?

A

Number and characteristics of a complete set of chromosomes within an individual

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2
Q

Name the male internal genitalia

A 
Testis
Duct system - epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbs-urethral glands
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3
Q

Name the female internal genitalia

A

Ovaries

Duct system - Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina

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4
Q

Name the male external genitalia

A

Penis

Scrotum

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5
Q

Name the female external genitalia

A

Vagina
Vestibule
Labia majora and minora
Clitoris

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6
Q

What are the male secondary sexual characteristics?

A 
Larger body size
Body composition and fat composition
Hair and skin
Facial hair
Male pattern baldness
Central nervous system effects
Smell
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7
Q

What are the female secondary sexual characteristics?

A 
Smaller body size
Subcutaneous fat deposition
Hair and skin
Breasts
Central nervous system effects
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8
Q

What is the gonad derived from and what else derived from here?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

Kidney

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9
Q

What are the gonads known as at the very early stage?

A

Sex chords

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10
Q

When do the sex cords acquire male/female characteristics?

A

Week 7

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11
Q

Where do primordial germ cells arise from and where do they go?

A

Arise in the yolk sac

Migrate along the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut to the primitive gonads

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12
Q

What is the gene that the Y chromosome carries and what does it drive development of?

A

SRY

Testis, duct system and external genitalia of the male

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13
Q

What does the absence of the SRY a gene lead to?

A

Development of the female gonad (ovary), external genitalia and duct system

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14
Q

What does the SRY gene code for?

A

Testis-determining factor

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15
Q

How do the testis develop?

A

SRY gene codes for testis-determining factor
Primitive sex cords proliferate deep into the medulla to form the medullary cords
Towards the hilum of the gland, the cord breaks up into a network that later give rise to rete testis

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16
Q

What separates the testis cords from the surface epithelium?

A

Dense layer of fibrous connective tissue - tunica albuginea

17
Q

What do the testis cords/medullary cords become composed of?

A

Primitive germ cells and Sertoli cells

18
Q

What lies between the medullary cords?

A

Leydig cells which start to produce testosterone at week 8

19
Q

What happens at puberty to the testis cords?

A

Until puberty they are solid
Acquire a lumen forming seminiferous tubules
Join the rete testis which join the ductili efferentes which are remaining parts of the mesonephric system
They link the rete testis and mesonephric duct which becomes the vas deferens

20
Q

What happens without the presence of the SRY gene?

A

Medullary cords in the gonad regress
Production of cortical cords
They split into isolated cell clusters which continue to proliferate
They surround each oogonium with a layer of epithelial cells - follicular cells

21
Q

What are the two sets of genital ducts which initially develop in both sexes?

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts

22
Q

Where do the genital ducts end?

A

At the cloaca

23
Q

Difference between mesonephric ducts and mesonephric tubules?

A

Tubules form a renal function

Ducts and tubules make up the embryonic kidney

24
Q

Where do the paramesonephric ducts arise from?

A

As an invagination of the epithelium of the urogenital ridge

25
Q

Where do the paramesonephric ducts run from and to?

A

Caudally they contact the cloaca

Cranially they open into the abdominal cavity

26
Q

What happens in the midline with the paramesonephric ducts?

A

They come into close contact
Initially separated by a septum
Fuse to form the uterine canal

27
Q

What does the caudal tip of the combined paramesonephric ducts do?

A

Projects into posterior wall of the urogenital sinus where it causes a small swelling - the paramesonephric/Müllerian tubercle

28
Q

What is on either side of the Müllerian tubercle?

A

Mesonephric ducts open on either side into the urogenital sinus of the tubercle

29
Q

In the XY embryo, how are the different ducts supported/not supported?

A

Androgen secretion supports mesonephric/Wolffian ducts from Leydig cells

Sertoli cells secrete Müllerian inhibiting substance so paramesonephric duct degenerates

30
Q

In the XX embryo, how are the different ducts supported?

A

No androgen/testosterone so mesonephric/Wolffian duct degenerates
No testis-derived Müllerian inhibiting hormone so the Müllerian ducts stay

31
Q

At the basic stage, what is there in regards to external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle
Genital folds
Genital swellings

32
Q

What happens in males to produce the external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle elongates and genital folds fuse to form the spongy urethra
Happens under the influence of testis-driven androgen hormones -dihydrotestosterone

33
Q

What happens in the females to produce external genitalia?

A

No fusion occurs so urethra opens into the vestibule

34
Q

In which region do the testes arise?

A

Lumbar region, tethered to labioscrotal folds (future scrotum) by the gubernaculum

35
Q

How does the processus vaginalis develop?

A

A musculo-fascial layer with the peritoneal membrane evaginates into the scrotum as it develops
This forms the processus vaginalis

36
Q

How do the testes descend?

A

Migrate over the pubic bone behind the processus vaginalis
Above the testes, the fascia and peritoneum become closely apposed
Fascial layers are obliterated by the stem of the processus vaginalis, testicular vessels and nerves from the spermatic cord

37
Q

What is the remnant of the gubernaculum?

A

The scrotal ligament

38
Q

Where do the ovaries begin?

A

Posterior abdominal wall, attached to the labioscrotal folds by the gubernaculum

39
Q

What does the gubernaculum become in females?

A

Ovarian ligament which connects the ovaries to the uterus

Round ligament of the uterus which attaches the uterus to the labia

40
Q

What do the wolffian ducts develop into?

A

Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles

40
Q

What do the Müllerian ducts develop into?

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Upper vagina

Repro (31 decks)

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