Development of Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
These cells migrate to form the vertebral column and the ribs
sclerotome cells
Cells of the sclerotome break down and migrate around the notochord to make the (blank). Some cells finish migrating dorsally to create the (blank).
If this doesn’t happen properly, you can get incomplete formation of lamina or pedicle.
vertebral body; spinous process
What condition can arise if sclerotome cells fail to properly migrate?
spina bifida
What’s a meningocele? What’s a myelomeningocele?
when a meningeal component (i.e. the subarachnoid space) bulges out dorsally; when the spinal cord bulges out dorsally
What is rachischisis?
failure of the neural tube to close
What is spina bifida occulta?
no spinous process - you can press on the back, and there will not be a bony prominence
The vertebrae are formed from two adjacent sclerotomic segments which have to fuse by the proliferation of the caudal half of one segment into the rostral half of the adjacent one. This is a complex process which leaves lots of opportunity for problems like (blank) from fused vertebrae or incomplete formation of one level
scoliosis
The limbs develop early on!! What day do upper limb buds form? Lower limb buds?
day 24; day 28
Do limbs develop from head to toe, or toe to head?
cranial to caudal!! **upper limbs first
On a molecular level, briefly describe the processes that govern limb formation.
There is a developmental process in the formation of the limbs that causes them to become located on rostral/caudal axis of body. There is a process regulating what migrates to the anterior vs the posterior compartment.
There is a process that tells you where to put the thumb in relation to the digits. These are all governed by different protein expression.
When is limb development most susceptible to teratogens?
4th-5th week
When congenital defects occur in the limbs, what are they typically associated with?
more severe defects, like cardiovascular, genitourinary, or cranial-facial defects
What can happen if the amniotic bands get wrapped around portions of the limbs/extremities?
constriction of the developing limb resulting in amputations of limbs/digits
What’s polydactyly?
extra digits or parts of digits
What’s syndactyly?
fusion of digits
