development of foreign policy Flashcards
President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy called:
Monroe Docterine
consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world
Foreign Policy*
The principal goal of American foreign policy is to
preserve the security of the United States.
In 1898 the US fought in the
Spanish American War*
Aa a result of the Spanish American War, the US acquired :
Philippine Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico*
national security means
more military defence
Productive American factories and farms need in which to sell their goods.
foreign markets*
the avoidance of involvement in world affairs
isolationism*
since WW2 US foreign policy has been based on
internationalism*
the cold war was a war on _________
ideologies
With the threat of communism, the US used the ideas of
George F. Kenan
American diplomat and expert in the soviet union history
Kenan
__________ was the policy designed to keep the soviet union from expanding communism
Containment
protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers
national secureity
announced what later became known as the truman docterine
Harry Truman
provided badly needed economic aid for war torn europe
Marshall Plan*
cold war fears led to an
arms race
what two wars did containment bring us into
korea and vietnam*
truman saw the invasion of South Korea as act of ___________ by the soviet union
expansionism
berlin wall was torn down by
demonstrators
who invaded neighboring Kuwait threatening middle eastern oil supplies
Saddam Hussein
who sent US forces to places to maintain political order and protect humanitarian interests
Clinton
a global network of islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in afghanistan
al-Qaeda
the global war on terror would be the focus of whose administration
George W Bush
The Bush administration’s frame work states that ________ should replace containment and deterrence
preemption
_________ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorists or rogue states that may threaten us with WMD
preemption*
When was the 1st time Bush applied preemption?
March 2003, removing saddam hussein
when was saddam hussein captured?
December 2003
The Frames on the constitution attempted to divide responsibility for foreign affairs between the:
president and Congress
grants the president certain diplomatic powers
also gives president power to make treaties
article ll section 2
a formal agreement between the government of two or more nations
treaty
the _____ appoints ambassadors, who represent the nation in diplomatic matters
president
The president has final responsibility for establishing __________________
foreign policy
what two cabinet departments make foreign policy a full time concern?
Department of Defense
Department of State
________________ supervises all diplomatic activities of the american government
Secretary of State
_____________ supervises military activities of US government
secretary of defence
The ________________ is the director of the National Security Council NSC plays a major role in foreign affairs
National Security Advisor
__________ was the first woman to be national security advisor
Dr Condoleezza Rice
the National Security Act established the ________ and defined its duties in 1947
CIA*
Today the CIA is under the direction of the ____________
National Security Council
The collapse of the soviet union in _________ caught CIA by suprise
1991
Congress has exercised to power to declare war only ____ times in our history
5 - war of 1812, 1846 mexico, 1898 spain, 1917 germany, 1941 WW2**
Congress passed the ___________________________ in Vietnam to authorize the president to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US”
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
the ____________ declared that the president could not send troops into combat for more than 60 days without the consent of congress
War Powers Act in 1973
the constitution gives the senate the power of “______________” on all treaties
advice and consent
_______________________ are pacts between the president and the head of a foreign government that have the legal status of treaties but do not require senate approval
executive agreements
Under US law the president may grant_______________ status to trading partners-China
most-favored-nation (MFN)*
By _____ congress may overturn the president’s decision to grant MFN
2/3 majority vote
Executive agreements make up ______ of the US international agreements
90%*
__________ means two-party
bipartisan
what advantages does the president have over congress?
- only he can speak for the nation with other countries
- he controles agencies that carry out foreign policy
- he can make fast actions
- he can bypass the senate when making agreements
the president and congress have responsibility for foreign policy and are influenced by__________ of the american people
opinion
pressure from ____________ van affect foreign policy
interest groups
___________ issues have a substantial impact on legislation
human rights
_____________ is one of the smallest cabinet level departments in terms of employees and they carry out foreign policy
Department of State*
_____________________ largest executive departments in terms of employees and money spent
Department of Defense*
________ was the first executive dept, originally known as dept of foreign affairs
dept of state
______________ is the most important member of the cabinet, 4th in line for presidential sucession
Secretary of state
Current secretary of state is ______
john kerry*
what four functions does the dept of state carries out?
- keep president informed*
- maintain diplomatic relations
- negotiate treaties
- protect the interests of americans who are conducting business
officials who are assigned to serve abroad in foreign countries belong to the ___________
foreign service
the primary function of an _________ is to make diplomatic communication between govts easier
embassy*
the state dept directs over _____ embassies ans consulates
200
an ambassador is appointed by the ______ and must be confirmed by the senate
President
In major disagreements govts may break off ___________ by closing embassies, this is the biggest sign of displeasure
diplomatic relations
the US maintains offices known as ________ in major cites of foreign nations. They promote american business in other countries and serve as a safeguard
consulates*
who is the head of the consulates?
the consul
for americans traveling, state dept issues a ___________
passport*
________ is a special document issued by the govt of the country that a person wishes to enter
visa*
the _________ assists the president in carrying out duties of commander and chief
DOD*
the ______________________ was founded and in 1947 it became the DOD
national security establishment *
the DOD’s headquarters is at the ___________
pentagon*
The joint chiefs of staff is a six member group:
chief of staff of the army, air force, naval operations, commandant of the marine corps, chairman and vice chairman of the joint chief of staff*
the chairman is appointed for a ___________ term by the president
two year
the US’s two methods of staffing its armed forces
conscription or compulsory military service
volunteers
Hannah Phillips is___________
prego
__________ would be founded in 1949 as a mutual defence alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organization*
NATO members would come to the_________ of any member who is attacked
aid
Since the end of the cold war in 1990, NATO has redefined itself in what two ways:
- NATO has expanded the mission to include crisis intervention and peacekeeping
- NATO expanded its membership
in 1948 the US signed the ___________ which promoted economic development in the Americas
Organization of American States (OAS)*
three examples of multilateral treaties:
NATO OAS ANZUS
________ treaties are agreements that go between several nations
multilateral*
_________ treaties are agreements that go between two nations
bilateral*
__________ is a system by which participating nations agree to take joint action against a nation that attacks any one of them
collective security*
one way of withdrawing benefits is by applying ________
sanctions
____________ are measures such as withholding loans arms or economic aid to force a foreign government to cease certain activities
sanctions*
american programs for economic aid
AID
the DOD was originally known as the_______
dept of war and navy
Congress has to large foreign policy powers:
declare war and appropriate funding*
