development of a child's sense of self

Question 1

what is social cognition ?

Answer 1

is about understanding yourselves and others, and being able to see things from other peoples perspective.

Question 2

what is theory of mind (TOM)?

Answer 2

not an actual theory but is an intuitive set of beliefs by the individual, the understanding that someone else has a separate mind to your own.

Question 3

first stage of TOM?

Answer 3

Newborns - distinguish between humans and other objects, therefore display a knowledge of others.

Question 4

second stage of TOM?

Answer 4

2 years - Children show some understandings of the mental states of others.

Question 5

third stage of TOM?

Answer 5

3-4 years - TOM first appears, the typical task used to demonstrate this is the false belief task.

Question 6

Sally ann test ?

Answer 6

A child with TOM would suggest that Sally would look in the basket, even though they knew it was in the box.
A child who does not have TOM would say that Sally would look in the box, unable to separate their own views

Question 7

Who supported the Sally Ann test ?

Answer 7

Wimmer and Perner: Three years old’s = box

Four year old’s = basket.

Question 8

Simon Baron-Cohen experiment ?

Answer 8

used the Sally Ann test to demonstrate that autistic children lack TOM where as down syndrome children coped normally.
-Four sets of questions:naming, belief, reality and memory.

Question 9

weakness of the experiment ?

Answer 9

-lacks ecological validity as they used dolls, autistic children may have a developed TOM but may believe that dolls do not have a belief.

Question 10

weakness was countered by?

Answer 10

Leslie and Frith - Did a similar study but with real people and found the same results.

Question 11

IDA ?

Answer 11

cultural bias- Van den Heuvel studied Dutch, Turkish and Moroccan children aged 10-11
-individualist children = psychological statements
collectivist children = social aspects of self.