Development in infancy Flashcards
What are the physical changes of an infant?
Body size
Proportions
Appearance
Functioning of body systems
Perceptual and motor capacities
Physical health
Whn is physical growth more rapid?
The first year
What are two key principles on which it operates?
Cephalocaudal principle
Proximodistal principle
When is brain development most rapid?
In the first year(s)
Within the first 3 months by what % does the brain volume increase?
64%
What 2 key processes does brain growth arise from?
Increase in production of dendritic connections between neurons (overproduction/exuberance)
Myelination
When does plasticity remain high?
When specialization begins to occur
What does the frontal lobe do?
Highest processes, including planning for the future, making decisions
What does the parietal lobe do?
Processes bodily sensations
What does the occipital lobe do?
Processes visual information
What does the temporal lobe do?
Processes auditory information, including language
What is gross motor?
Development of balance and posture as well as whole body movements like walking or crawling
What is fine motor?
Development of finely tuned movements (e.g. grasping and manipulating objects with fingers and hands)
Gross motor development tends to follow what?
A universal sequence
What does a sequence have?
Genetic beginnings with environmental influences
What is cross-crawling?
Right foot, left arm linked with brain development and communication across hemispheres, strength, blance, co-ordination, spatial awareness and also cognitive performance
What does perceptual development include?
Sensation
Perception
What is sensation?
What the baby detects in response to sensory stimulation
What is perception?
Organisation and interpretation of sensory information
When does binocular vision begin aand what does it enable?
Begins about 3 months of age enabling depth perception
