Cognitive development in infancy Flashcards
What are the changes in cognitive development?
Changes in methods and styles of thinking, langauge and memory
What are the charateristics of the sensorimotor stage between the ages of 0-2?
Capable of co-ordinating the activities of these senses with motor activities
What are the charateristics of the preopertional stage between the ages of 2-7?
Capable of symbolic representation, such as in language, but with limited ability to use mental operations
What are the charateristics of the concrete operations stage between the ages of 7-11?
Capable of using mental operations, but only in concrete, immediate experience; difficulty thinking hypothetically
What are the charateristics of the formal operations between the ages of 11-15 and up?
Capable of thinking logically and abstractly; capable of formulating hypotheses and testing them systematically; thinking is more complex; can think about thinking (metacognition)
What are schemes?
Cognitive structures for processing, organising and interpreting information
What do schemes do?
Refined through primary processes adaptation anf organisation
What is Assimilation?
New information fit within an existing scheme
What is accommodation?
Changing thr scheme to adapt to new information
Balance between ________ varies across time
Assimilation and accommodation
What is Piaget’s first stage?
The sensorimotor stage (age 0-2)
What are 4 six sensorimotor substages that occur in the first year?
1: Simple reflexes
2: Primary circular reactions (focus on own body)
3: Secondary circular reactions (focus on external objects)
4: Co-ordination of secondary schemes (intentional, goal directed behaviour)
In terms of violation of expectation what will infants look longer at?
Operates on assumption infants will look longer at an event that has violated thier assumptions
What is violation of expectation?
Demonstrated earlier than Paiget suggested infants capable of object permenance may reflect physical competence hindering expression of cognitive capabilities
What is classical conditioning?
Innate voluntary reflexes make learning through classical conditioning possible for the infant (e.g. sucking)
What is operant conditioning?
Reinforcement increases likelihood behaviour will occur again (e.g. efforts to communicate with caregiver rewarded by smile, affection or verbal response).
