development - gunderson et al 2013

Question 1

aims

Answer 1

• Effect on types of praise on children. If parents give girls more person less process praise than boys.
• use of praise by parents of children aged 14 months to 48 months old
• Whether person or process praise can be a predictor of motivational framework 5 years later.

Question 2

procedure
(sample)

Answer 2

Sample: 29 boys, 24 girls (53 children from chicago) and their caregivers
64% white, 17% AA, 11% Hispanic, 8% Multiracial

Question 3

procedure

Answer 3

were visited every 4 months from when child was 14months.

researcher and parents thought it was a language development study (double blind data gathered).

Recordings lasted 90 mins, interactions recorded at 14m, 26m, 38m.
At 7-8y children answered questionnaire about morals, beliefs, motivation, intelligence

Question 4

results

Answer 4

parents gave more process (18%) than person (16%).

Process more to boys (24.4%), than girls (10.3%)

3% of all parental comments were praise.

Girls received more person praise then boys.

Question 5

Conclusion

Answer 5

Clear relationship between parents use of process praise and a child’s later use of incremental motivational framework (ability being changeable)

Did not find that parental use of person praise led to an entity motivational framework (ability to fixed)

Question 6

strengths

Answer 6

No researcher bias - researchers who videotaped & transcribed data didn’t know aim of study. – Double blind technique.

Avoids demand characteristics as participants didn’t know aim.

High ecological validity - takes place in a natural setting.

Generalisability: There were a mixture of participants cultures.

Question 7

weaknesses

Answer 7

Ethical issues: The ethics can be criticized. The participants were told that the study was on child development.

Low Validity: The parents were observed during the research and so they may have changed their behavior towards their child.

Question 8

define Framework

Answer 8

A basic understanding of ideas & facts that’s used when making decisions.

Question 9

define person praise

Answer 9

Someone praises the individual rather then what they’re doing.

Question 10

define process praise

Answer 10

Someone praises what is being done, not the individual.

Question 11

define Entity theory/motivational framework

Answer 11

A belief that behavior/ability results from a person’s nature.

Question 12

define Incremental theory/motivational framework

Answer 12

A belief that effort drives behavior/ability, which can change.

Question 13

define Ecological validity

Answer 13

The extent to which the findings still explain the behavior in real life.