Development- Eco

Question 1

Developmental goals a differing goals also. Explain with an example

Answer 1

Different people have different notions of the development because life situations of people are different. Development goals of a girl from a rich urban family will be surely different from a farmer in Rajasthan. It is because of the situation lifestyle and state is a very different from each other. A goal of a person is something, which is entirely dependent on his or her present like situation. Over period of time, it is situation changes, automatically goals of a person also changes.For instance, to get electricity industrialist may want more dams. But this might submerged the land and destroyed the life of many

Question 2

Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies

Answer 2

Not only per capita income but also homogeneity or equity of performance should be reflected while comparing two or more societies. If a society has a higher capital income but much of its income of a smaller group, then it cannot reflect the development of the society similarly, when is society has little less per capital income but the inequality is quite less and almost all sections of the society contribute to the income, it reflects inclusiveness and real development. An economic term in equality differenceIt’s called gini index

Question 3

Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking then Haryana. Hence, the per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree?

Answer 3

No I do not agree that the mean income per capita income should not beUsed to compare states. However factors like infant mortality rate, literacy rate and net attendance ratio are also very crucial for overall human development

Question 4

Which criteria is used in world development report and in human development report in classifying countries

Answer 4

Human Development Report: is a report published by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) which compares countries on the basis of educational levels of the people, per capita income and their health status.
World Development Report: It is a report published by the world bank, this criterion is used to dividing countries according to their per capita income.

Question 5

Why is per capita income counted In dollars rather than a rupee

Answer 5

Dollar is an international currency and has worldwide acceptance so it is used to compare

Question 6

State the difference between literacy rate and attendance ratio

Answer 6

Literacy rate is the proportion of population in the age group of seven or above, but attendance ratio is the proportion of children of a specific age group attending the school to the total number of children in the age group.

Question 7

Name at least one country in south Asia which has lower HDI than India

Answer 7

Pakistan, Bangladesh

Question 8

Which international organisation publishes human development report

Answer 8

UNDP (. United Nations development programme

Question 9

On what basis is the HDI rank of Sri Lanka better than India

Answer 9

, Life expectancy, literacy rate

Question 10

In 2017, countries with per capita income of how many US dollars per annum were considered rich countries

Answer 10

In 2017 the country with per capita income of US dollar 12056 per annum and above were considered rich countries while the those those which had per capita income of less than. 955 dollar and less were considered low income countries

Question 11

What is per capita income and what was the per capita income of India in 2017

Answer 11

Per capita income, also known as income per person, is the mean income of the people in an economic unit like country. Per capita income is often used as average income, a measure of the wealth of the population of a nation, particularly in comparison to other nations.
India’s per capi in 2017- $ 1820 and was low middle income country

Question 12

What was the per capita income in the rupee Haryana, Kerala, Bihar for 2015-2016

Answer 12

Haryana- 1,62,034
Kerala- 1,40,190
Bihar- 31,454

Question 13

What is the literacy rate of Haryana, Kerala, Bihar

Answer 13

Kerala- 94
Haryana- 82
Bihar- 62

Question 14

What is PDS

Answer 14

PDS or public distribution system is it food security system established by the central government to provide essential items at subsidised rate example rice wheat sugar kerosene.

Question 15

besides income what are the other Important factors that a person seeks for

Answer 15

Equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others

Question 16

for development, people look at a mix of goals. Explain

Answer 16

Development does not mean only in one perspective. It means in development in all sphere. For example
People seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect.
People seek a pollution free environment.
Students seek better education and equal opportunities to learn
, a woman desires to have handsome paid job for her development. It is correct that if woman is employed in handsome paid job, her dignity at home and in society increases. It will also lead to a situation where there would be more sharing of household chores and a greater acceptance of woman working outside. A safe, amenable and secure environment may allow a woman to come out of her stereotype image and engaged her in variety of jobs.

Question 17

What is the income of the country

Answer 17

The income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country

Question 18

Differentiate between human development report and world development report.

Answer 18

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT: It is an annual report published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT: It is an annual report published by the World Bank or International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT : It compares countries on the basis of the educational level of the people, per capita income and their health status.
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT: It compares countries by in-depth analysis of a specific aspect of economic development.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT :It includes literacy rate, infant mortality rate etc, to determine the status of development of a particular area or country.
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT: it includes GDP, national income and per capita income.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT : It provides us with the qualitative aspect of development.
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT: It provides us with the quantitative aspect of development.

Question 19

What is IMR and compare IMR of Haryana, Bihara bd Kerala in 2016

Answer 19

Infant mortality rate is the number of children that die before completing age one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
2016- Haryana— 33
Kerala- 10
Bihar-38

Question 20

What is literacy rate and compare rate of Haryana Kerala and Bihar of 2011

Answer 20

Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population age 7 years and above.

According to the 2011 Census report the literacy rate of India is 74% from 18.33% in 1951. The male literacy rate is 82.14 and female literacy rate is 65.46 or 65.5% from 27.16 % and 8.86% in 1951 for male and female respectively.
2011- Haryana- 82 %
Kerala- 94%
Bihar-62%

Question 21

Define net attendance ratio compare ratio (per 100 person) of age gro 14-15 of Haryana Kerala and Bihar in 2013-2014

Answer 21

The net attendance ratio is defined as the proportion of the number of individuals in the official age category of 14-15 going to any educational base in a particular class-gathering to the total number of individuals in the same age group.

Haryana- 61
Kerala- 83
Bihar-43

Question 22

What is HDI and what rank does India hold in 189 countries as per the Human development report of 2018

Answer 22

The Human Development Index HDI is defined as the composite statistics used to rank countries by levels of human development based on health, education and income. It measures the average achievements in a country in these three basic dimensions of human development, calculated into an index.

Sri Lanka -76
India-130
Bangladesh 136
Pakistan- 150

Question 23

What is life expectancy and what is the life expectancy of India according to 2017 census?

Answer 23

Life expectancy is a statistical measure which describes the average time an individual is expected to live. It is based on factors like the year of its birth, present age, gender etc. The life expectancy increases with age as the mortality rate is greater in childhood.

Sri Lanka - 75.5
Bangladesh-72.8
India - 68.8
Pakistan- 66.6

Question 24

What is Gross National Product? And what is GNI per capita of 2011 in $

Answer 24

Gross national product (GNP) refers to the total value of all the goods and services produced by the residents and businesses of a country, irrespective of the location of production.
GNP does not take into consideration the incomes earned by the foreign nationals in the country or any products produced by a foreign company in the manufacturing units in the country.
Sri Lanka- 11,326
India- 6,353
Pakistan- 5331
Bangladesh- 3677

Question 25

What is BMI and tell it’s four ranges

Answer 25

BMI is the measure of the body, I.e the ratio of weight of the body in Kg to the square of the height in meters.
If your BMI is less than 18.5, it falls within the underweight range. If your BMI is 18.5 to 24.9, it falls within the normal or Healthy Weight range. If your BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls within the overweight range. If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, it falls within the obese range.

Question 26

What is sustainablity and what are the threats to it?

Answer 26

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
For sustainable development, factors such as preserving the environment and natural resources along with maintaining social and economic equality need to be followed.
The greatest threats to the sustainable development on earth are: population growth and urbanisation, energy use and global warming, excessive waste generation and the subsequent pollution of soil, air, and water, transportation in cities, and limited supply of resources.

Question 27

What are the objectives of sustainable development

Answer 27

1. Economic Growth: For creating an economy that is sustainable and growing in the right direction.
2. Protecting the Environment: This objective focuses on contribution by humans towards protecting and enhancing the natural environment, by minimising pollution and waste, also working towards reducing the global carbon footprint. Using the available resources judiciously and working towards maintaining the ecological balance.
3. Social Inclusion: This objective focuses on providing the facility of housing for future generations and assisting in creating healthy, strong and vibrant global communities.

Question 28

“Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries”. Support the statement with examples.

Answer 28

Consequences of environmental degradation do
not respect national or state boundaries Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is essential for all the mankind and it is our common responsibility to save the environment. .This can be understood by following points
(i) Land degradation affects the agricultural productivity of land as well as food security. Food requirement of that region will be completed by importing food from other regions. It will create additional pressure on the land resources of exporting regions.
(ii) Addition of greenhouse gases in atmosphere is responsible for increase in temperature. It affects every part of the world whether it is developed or developing country.
(iii) Addition of chlorofluoro carbons in atmosphere is responsible for ozone depletion in Antarctic region. Although source region of CFC can be any part of the world, it is a serious issue of concern for whole world.
(iv) Pollution of water affected the availability of water in whole world.
(v) Pollution of air has created respiratory diseases in humans of all parts of the world because harmful gases imbalanced the composition of atmosphere.

Question 29

Write a short note on ground water condition in India

Answer 29

Recent evidence suggests that the groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country. About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 metres during the past 20 years. Nearly one-third of the country is overusing their groundwater reserves. In another 25 years, 60 per cent of the country would be doing the same if the present way of using this resource continues. Groundwater overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally prosperous regions of Punjab and Western U.P., hard rock plateau areas of central and south India, some coastal areas and the rapidly growing urban settlements.”

Question 30

approximately how long will the crude oil reserves last and how will it affect the world

Answer 30

The reserves would last only 53 years more. This is for the world as a whole. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices of oil increase this becomes a burden for everyone. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power.

Question 31

What is economic development

Answer 31

The term economic development means all round development of a country. Where people earn higher income and can satisfy all the needs we can say that the country is the developed and has a developed economy

Question 32

Define economic planning

Answer 32

Deliberate action plan on the utilisation of resources of the country economic development and for providing social justice to all

Question 33

The earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the needs greed of even one person. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development

Answer 33

(i) It means that the earth has abundant resources to satisfy everyone’s needs but in our greed and hurry to develop, we have been recklessly exploiting these resources.
(ii) In the name of development, we have indulged in activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, encroachment into forest lands, overuse of ground water, use of plastics, etc.
(iii) The exploitation of natural resources not only harms the environment but may cripple the future generations of the development process itself.
(iv) If fossil fuels are exhausted, the development of all countries would be at risk.
(v) Thus, there is a need for conservation and judicious use of resources for development.