Development Dynamics

Question 1

Aspects of development

Answer 1

Social, economic & political

Question 2

GDP

Answer 2

Grows Domestic Product. Total valve of goods and services country produced in year

Question 3

GDP per capita

Answer 3

(Also called GDP per head) GDP divided by the population of a country

Question 4

GNI

Answer 4

Gross National Income. Total valve of goods and service country produced in year,including overseas

Question 5

Gender Inequality Index

Answer 5

Data showing:
Woman education
Access to jobs
Political rights

Question 6

How to measure health

Answer 6

Doctors per 1000 population

Number of working doctors per thousand

Question 7

HDI

Answer 7

Human Development index. Number thats calculated using life expectancy, education level and income per head. Measured between 0-1

Question 8

Corruption index

Answer 8

Measure level of corruption believed exist in public sector. Lower score more corrupt

Question 9

Why HDI is considered a composite indicator

Answer 9

Take in account of more factors of countries development

Question 10

Birth rate

Answer 10

Number of live babies born per year

Question 11

Death rate

Answer 11

Number of deaths per thousand of population per year

Question 12

Fertility

Answer 12

Average number of babies per woman

Question 13

Infant mortality

Answer 13

Number of babies who die under 1 year old per thousnad and babies born

Question 14

Maternal mortality

Answer 14

Number of woman who die due to pregnancy related problems per hundred thousand

Question 15

Life expectancy

Answer 15

How long average people live for

Question 16

What does population pyramids show

Answer 16

Show the distribution of various age groups in a population forming a pyramid shape

Question 17

Concave population pyramids shows

Answer 17

Developing country

Question 18

Convex population pyramids shows

Answer 18

Developed country

Question 19

Topography

Answer 19

Shape of land

Question 20

Factors that can affect development of country

Answer 20

Climate
If a country has a poor climate too hot or too cold not much will grow. This reduces amount of food produced which can lead to malnutrition. Malnourished have low quality of life

Topography
If the land in a country is steep then it wont produce a lot of food. Steep land also leads to difficult to develop infrastructure, eg roads

Health
Lack of clean water and poor health care means that many people suffer for diseases such as malaria and cholera

Question 21

Explain how historical factors have caused global inequality

Answer 21

European countries colonised much of Africa in the 19th century. They controlled the economies of their colonies removed raw materials and slaves and sold back expensive manufactured goods. This was bad for Africa development as Africa had to depend of Europe leading to famine and malnutrition

Question 22

Rostow Theory

Answer 22

1)Traditional society
Agriculture

2)Precondition for take-off
Manufacturing starts to develop. Roads, power networks

3)Take-off
Large-scale industrialisation. Increasing wealth

4)Drive to maturity
Economy grows standard of living increases. Widespread use of tech

5)Mass consumption
Lots of trade. People are wealthy

Question 23

Neo-colonialism

Answer 23

Richer countries to take advantage of cheap raw materials and labour available in poorer countries

Question 24

Globalisation

Answer 24

Business or organisation develop international influence or start operating on a international scale

Question 25

How improved tech enables globalisation

Answer 25

Improved IT like email and internet and phones can carry info faster. This allows quicker and easier communication Improvement in transport allows suppliers to get to places quicker

Question 26

How TNC help increase globalisation

Answer 26

TNCs increase globalisation by linking together countries through the production and sale of goods

Question 27

How government help increase globalisation

Answer 27

Free trade Government increase globalisation by promoting free trade by reducing tariffs to attract investors Privatisation Governments hand over services and industries to private companies

Question 28

Why countries like India benefit from globalisation

Answer 28

Country has cheap land/labour Lots of cheap raw materials Government open to foreign investment

Question 29

Social factors that cause global inequalities

Answer 29

Education Educated people produces a more skilled workforce meaning that the country can produce more goods and offer more services. This can bring money into country through trade/investment

Question 30

Political factors that caused global inequalities

Answer 30

Corrupt government can hinder development eg taking money thats intended for building new infrastructure

Question 31

NGO

Answer 31

Non-government organisation

Question 32

IGO

Answer 32

Inter-government organisation

Question 33

Top-down approach

Answer 33

A government, large organisation or TNC make decisions about how to increase development and direct the project

Question 34

Bottom-up approach

Answer 34

Local people and communities decide on ways to improve things for their own community. Non-government organisation are often involved

Question 35

Top-down approach scale/aims

Answer 35

Often large scale project like dams Aims to solve large scale problems and improve the lives of lots people

Question 36

Top-down approach funding

Answer 36

Usually expensive and are funded by government or TNCs. Can also be funded by loans like the World Bank

Question 37

Top-down approach tech

Answer 37

Projects are often high-tech and energy intensive. The construction usually involves machinery and tech which is often operated by skilled workers from developed countries

Question 38

Bottom-up approach scale/aims

Answer 38

Usually small-scale like building or maintaining a well in village. Ai,s to improve the quality of life for the poorest and most vulnerable people in society

Question 39

Bottom-up approach funding

Answer 39

Usually cheap. Most money comes from charities which often rely on donations from people in richer countries

Question 40

Bottom-up approach tech

Answer 40

Projects involves intermediate tech. Local materials are used and local people are employed. This means they have the materials and skills to maintain the project

Question 41

NGO advantages

Answer 41

Projects are designed to address to the needs of people local to where the projects are carried out Locally available. Cheap materials are used so the community isnt dependent on expensive import

Question 42

NGO disadvantage

Answer 42

Often small scale so dont benefit every

Question 43

IGO advantage

Answer 43

Can afford to fund large infrastructure Projects can improve countries economy

Question 44

IGO disadvantage

Answer 44

Large scale projects are expensive If government is corrupt they may use the money for their own purposes

Question 45

Site

Answer 45

exact location

Question 46

situation

Answer 46

relates to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural.