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Geography Component 1 > Development Dynamics > Flashcards

Development Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Aspects of development

A

Social, economic & political

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2
Q

GDP

A

Grows Domestic Product. Total valve of goods and services country produced in year

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3
Q

GDP per capita

A

(Also called GDP per head) GDP divided by the population of a country

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4
Q

GNI

A

Gross National Income. Total valve of goods and service country produced in year,including overseas

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5
Q

Gender Inequality Index

A

Data showing:
Woman education
Access to jobs
Political rights

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6
Q

How to measure health

A

Doctors per 1000 population

Number of working doctors per thousand

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7
Q

HDI

A

Human Development index. Number thats calculated using life expectancy, education level and income per head. Measured between 0-1

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8
Q

Corruption index

A

Measure level of corruption believed exist in public sector. Lower score more corrupt

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9
Q

Why HDI is considered a composite indicator

A

Take in account of more factors of countries development

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10
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live babies born per year

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11
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths per thousand of population per year

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12
Q

Fertility

A

Average number of babies per woman

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13
Q

Infant mortality

A

Number of babies who die under 1 year old per thousnad and babies born

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14
Q

Maternal mortality

A

Number of woman who die due to pregnancy related problems per hundred thousand

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15
Q

Life expectancy

A

How long average people live for

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16
Q

What does population pyramids show

A

Show the distribution of various age groups in a population forming a pyramid shape

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17
Q

Concave population pyramids shows

A

Developing country

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18
Q

Convex population pyramids shows

A

Developed country

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19
Q

Topography

A

Shape of land

20
Q

Factors that can affect development of country

A

Climate
If a country has a poor climate too hot or too cold not much will grow. This reduces amount of food produced which can lead to malnutrition. Malnourished have low quality of life

Topography
If the land in a country is steep then it wont produce a lot of food. Steep land also leads to difficult to develop infrastructure, eg roads

Health
Lack of clean water and poor health care means that many people suffer for diseases such as malaria and cholera

21
Q

Explain how historical factors have caused global inequality

A

European countries colonised much of Africa in the 19th century. They controlled the economies of their colonies removed raw materials and slaves and sold back expensive manufactured goods. This was bad for Africa development as Africa had to depend of Europe leading to famine and malnutrition

22
Q

Rostow Theory

A

1)Traditional society
Agriculture

2)Precondition for take-off
Manufacturing starts to develop. Roads, power networks

3)Take-off
Large-scale industrialisation. Increasing wealth

4)Drive to maturity
Economy grows standard of living increases. Widespread use of tech

5)Mass consumption
Lots of trade. People are wealthy

23
Q

Neo-colonialism

A

Richer countries to take advantage of cheap raw materials and labour available in poorer countries

24
Q

Globalisation

A

Business or organisation develop international influence or start operating on a international scale

25
Q

How improved tech enables globalisation

A

Improved IT like email and internet and phones can carry info faster. This allows quicker and easier communication

Improvement in transport allows suppliers to get to places quicker

26
Q

How TNC help increase globalisation

A

TNCs increase globalisation by linking together countries through the production and sale of goods

27
Q

How government help increase globalisation

A

Free trade
Government increase globalisation by promoting free trade by reducing tariffs to attract investors

Privatisation
Governments hand over services and industries to private companies

28
Q

Why countries like India benefit from globalisation

A

Country has cheap land/labour

Lots of cheap raw materials

Government open to foreign investment

29
Q

Social factors that cause global inequalities

A

Education
Educated people produces a more skilled workforce meaning that the country can produce more goods and offer more services. This can bring money into country through trade/investment

30
Q

Political factors that caused global inequalities

A

Corrupt government can hinder development eg taking money thats intended for building new infrastructure

31
Q

NGO

A

Non-government organisation

32
Q

IGO

A

Inter-government organisation

33
Q

Top-down approach

A

A government, large organisation or TNC make decisions about how to increase development and direct the project

34
Q

Bottom-up approach

A

Local people and communities decide on ways to improve things for their own community. Non-government organisation are often involved

35
Q

Top-down approach scale/aims

A

Often large scale project like dams

Aims to solve large scale problems and improve the lives of lots people

36
Q

Top-down approach funding

A

Usually expensive and are funded by government or TNCs. Can also be funded by loans like the World Bank

37
Q

Top-down approach tech

A

Projects are often high-tech and energy intensive. The construction usually involves machinery and tech which is often operated by skilled workers from developed countries

38
Q

Bottom-up approach scale/aims

A

Usually small-scale like building or maintaining a well in village.

Ai,s to improve the quality of life for the poorest and most vulnerable people in society

39
Q

Bottom-up approach funding

A

Usually cheap. Most money comes from charities which often rely on donations from people in richer countries

40
Q

Bottom-up approach tech

A

Projects involves intermediate tech. Local materials are used and local people are employed. This means they have the materials and skills to maintain the project

41
Q

NGO advantages

A

Projects are designed to address to the needs of people local to where the projects are carried out

Locally available. Cheap materials are used so the community isnt dependent on expensive import

42
Q

NGO disadvantage

A

Often small scale so dont benefit every

43
Q

IGO advantage

A

Can afford to fund large infrastructure

Projects can improve countries economy

44
Q

IGO disadvantage

A

Large scale projects are expensive

If government is corrupt they may use the money for their own purposes

45
Q

Site

A

exact location

46
Q

situation

A

relates to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural.

Geography Component 1 (7 decks)

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