Development Dynamics Flashcards
Name an undeveloped country
Malawi
What do you call farmers who just provide for themselves?
Subsistence farmers
Name an economic development indicator
- GDP or PPP
- Poverty line
- Measures of inequality
Name a social development indicator
- Access to safe drinking water
- Literacy rate
- Crime rate
What is the HDI?
The human development index is a number between 0 and 1 which is affected by four factors:
- Life Expectancy
- Education (Literacy)
- Education (Average length of schooling)
- GDP per capita (Using purchasing power parity)
What is PPP?
Purchasing power parity measures what $1 can buy you in certain countries. For example, you can buy more for $1 in Malawi than in the UK.
What is the Corruption Perceptions Index?
Devised to help investors know where their money is safe, it’s a rank between 0 (very corrupt) to 10 (honest).
What can you tell from a pyramid shaped population pyramid?
The country in question has a high birth rate and short life expectancy.
What is birth rate?
Number of live births per 1000 people per year.
What is death rate?
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
What is dependency ratio?
Total number of people aged younger than 14 and older than 65 divided by the number of 15-64 year olds, multiplied by 100. The lower the number, the more workers and less dependant population a country has.
What is Fertility rate?
Average number of births per woman.
What is infant mortality?
Number of children per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday.
What is life expectancy?
The average number of years a person can expect to live.
What is maternal mortality rate?
Number of mothers per 100,000 people who die in children.
What is the Brandt line?
The 1980 line which divides the rich and poor countries geographically. Except Australia and New Zealand primarily, the richest countries are in the Northern Hemisphere.
What is a HIC?
High income country
What is an LIC?
Low income country
MIC?
Middle Income Country
What is an NIC?
Newly industrialising country
What is an RIC?
Recently industrialising country
Name an MIC
Brazil and Chile
Name an NIC
Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia (also known as Asian Tigers).
Who are the BRICs?
Brazil, Russia, India and China
Main reasons that Malawi is so underdeveloped?
- Landlocked
- Rural Isolation
- Changing Climate
- Increased Pollution
What are Malawi’s economic barriers?
It imports high value products, but exports low value products. It’s exports are worth less than its imports.
What are the different stages in Rostow’s theory?
1) Traditional Society
2) Pre-take off stage
3) Take off stage
4) Drive to maturity
5) High mass consumption
What’s in a traditional society?
- Most people in agriculture
- Subsistence Economy
What’s in the pre-take off stage?
- Shift from farming to manufacturing
- Trade increases profits
- Profits invested into new industries and infrastructure
- Agriculture produces cash crops for sale
What’s in the take-off stage?
- Rapid growth, investment and tech
- Requires increased profits from overseas trade
What’s in the drive to maturity?
- Growth
- Tech used throughout economy
- Industries produce consumer goods
What’s in the high mass consumption stage?
- A period of comfort
- Consumers enjoy a wide range of goods
- Societal disposable income to be spent on military, education, welfare or luxuries
How can globalisation help Malawi?
If Malawi had more phone lines and more internet uses, it could have increased international trade, which could boost its economy.
What is globalisation?
Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange.
What is a TNC?
Trans-national company. A company which conducts its business in multiple countries.
When a UK based company invests money into India, for example, what is this type of investment called?
FDI - Foreign Direct Investment
What does the Clark-Fisher model show?
The percentage of workers employed in different sectors.
How does the Clark-Fisher model show LICs or Pre-industrial countries?
They will have a large majority of their workforce in the primary sector. With very few secondary and tertiary sector workers.
How does the Clark-Fisher model show MICs or Industrial countries?
They will have almost half of the workforce in secondary sector jobs. And the rest is made up from an even split of primary and tertiary jobs.
How does the Clark-Fisher model show HICs or Post-Industrial countries?
They will have most of the workforce in tertiary sector jobs, then secondary sector jobs and a low amount of primary and quaternary sector jobs.
What is the primary sector?
Primary industries extract raw materials. For example, farming and mining.
What is the secondary sector?
Secondary industries take raw materials and process them into manufactured goods and products. For example, food processing, oil refining and energy production.
What is the tertiary sector?
The tertiary industry involves the selling of services and skills. They can also involve selling goods and products from primary and secondary industries. For example, the health service, transportation, education, entertainment, tourism, finance, sales and retail.
What is the quaternary sector?
The quaternary sector consists of providing information services, such as computing, ICT, consultancy and R&D (research and development - especially scientific).
What is the population of India?
1.324 billion people (2016)
What is India’s average economic growth rate?
7% per year since 1997
What is India’s HDI score?
0.624 - Medium to high human development
Life expectancy in India?
68.3 years
Average years of schooling?
11.7 years
How many people live in India’s urban slums?
40 million people - a quarter of its urban population
Why is India benefiting from globalisation?
It has a cheap labour force, therefore TNCs are likely to invest for good profit margins.
How does India’s geography influence its growth?
India is situated between a large proportion of the world’s top trading countries and shipping routes.
What is an NGO?
An NGO is a Non-Governmental organisation. For example, Water Aid
Name a bottom up approach to development
Water Aid
Name a top down approach to development
The Three Gorges Dam
What is crucial to India’s increased trade?
- Containerisation
- Shipping
- Aircraft technology
How many of the top ten outsourcing cities are in India?
6
These Include: Bangalore, Mumbai, Dehli, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune.
What happens in urban expansion?
Cities build things like apartment blocks that offer reasonably affordable housing on the outskirts of cities.
India’s wealth is unequally shared. Name one state which has a lot of wealth and name another that is very poor.
Maharashtra (Wealthy)
Bihar (Poor)
