Development Dynamics Flashcards
Define level of development
a country’s wealth measured by GDP and its social and political progress
Define GDP
total value of goods and services produced per year
negative: only consider economic progress
Define literacy rate
the % of the population aged over 15 who can read and write
negative: only consider on aspect of social progress
Define HDI
calculated using 4 factors: life expectancy, education, length of schooling and GDP per capita ($PPP)
positive: a much more balanced view of development - looks at range of factors
What is the 1st barrier to development that Malawi is facing?
Malawi is landlocked - no port to import or export goods, the government doesn’t have enough money to invest in transport and communication
What is the 2nd barrier to development that Malawi is facing?
the impact of HIV/AIDS - Malawi 11% of adults = infected & 10,000s dying each year, main cause of adult death and low life expectancy - those dying are in their 20s and 30s = the group that are most economically important - more poverty, only 1/3 of people with HIV can afford to get treatment because of costs of drugs is to high
What is the 3rd barrier to development that Malawi is facing?
trade - WTO makes trade fairer to countries like Malawi but there are still problems - Malawi exports raw coffee beans because it is to expensive to import roasted coffee beans to EU and the USA so companies roast them on there own whilst Malawi loses money
Define birth rate
number of live births per 1,000 people per year
Define death rate
number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
Define dependency ratio
proportion of people below (aged 0-14) and above (over 65) normal working age
it is calculated by adding both groups together and dividing the number aged 15-64 (the working population) multiplied by 100
Define fertility rate
average number of births per woman in a country
Define infant mortality
number of children per 1,000 live births who dies before their 1st birthday
Define life expectancy
average number of years a person can expect to live
Define maternal mortality
number of mothers per 100,000 live births who dies in childbirth
What does the height and width of the apex (top) of a population pyramid mean?
it gives an indication of the life expectancy of the population
What do the sides of the population pyramid show?
it gives information about the death rates of the population
What does the base of the population pyramid show?
it shows the birth rate of the population
In a developing country what would the pyramid look like?
wide base = high birth rate
narrow apex = low life expectancy
In a emerging country what would the population pyramid look like?
wide base = high birth rate
widening apex = higher life expectancy
In a developed country what would the population pyramid look like?
narrower base = lower birth rate
wide apex = high life expectancy
In Rostow’s theory of modernisation what are the 5 steps?
- Traditional Society - limited technology; static society
- Preconditions for Take-off - commercial exploitation of agriculture and extractive industry
- Take-off - development of a manufacturing sector
- Drive to Maturity - development of wider industrial and commercial base
- High-mass Consumption
What are the 3 levels in Frank’s dependency theory?
- Core
- Semi-periphery
- Periphery
Where do the goods go in Frank’s dependency theory?
goods go from the core to the semi-periphery and the periphery
Where do the resources go in Frank’s dependency theory?
resources go from the periphery and the semi-periphery to the core
