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Respiratory System > Development aspects of lung disease > Flashcards

Development aspects of lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

How long does Embryonic lung morphogenesis take?

A

3-8 weeks

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2
Q

How long does Pseudo-glandular lung morphogenesis take?

A

5-17 weeks

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3
Q

How long does Canalicular lung morphogenesis take?

A

16-26 weeks

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4
Q

How long does Saccular lung morphogenesis take?

A

24-38 weeks

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5
Q

How long does Alveolar lung morphogenesis take?

A

36 weeks - 2/3 years

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6
Q

What occurs during embryonic and pseudo-glandular lung development (organogenesis)?

A
  • Formation of major airways
  • Formation of bronchial tree and portions of respiratory parenchyma
  • Birth of the acinus
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7
Q

What occurs during canalicular lung development?

A
  • Last generations of the lung periphery formed
  • Epithelial differentiation
  • Air-blood barrier formed.
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8
Q

What occurs during saccular lung development?

A
  • Expansion of air spaces

- Surfactant detectable in amniotic fluid.

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9
Q

What occurs in alveolar lung development?

A
  • Secondary septation
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10
Q

Examples of Embryonic congenital lung diseases

A
  • Tracheal, laryngeal stenosis
  • Pulmonary agenesis
  • Tracheo-oesophageal fistula
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11
Q

Examples of Pseudoglandular congenital lung diseases

A
  • Pulmonary sequestration
  • Cystadenomatoid malformation
  • Cyst formation
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12
Q

What is a Hernia?

A

When part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it.

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13
Q

What can a diaphragmatic hernia cause?

A
  • Pulmonary hypoplasia

- Persistent pulmonary hypertension

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14
Q

Examples of diaphragmatic abnormalities

A
  • Diaphragmatic hernia

- Eventration-causes a thinned and pliable central portion of the diaphragm.

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15
Q

What functional changes occur in lung at birth?

A
  • Change from fluid secretion to fluid absorption

- Pulmonary vasodilatation

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16
Q

What is the surfactant system composed of?

A
  • Surfactant
  • Type II pneumocytes
  • SPs appear 12-14 weeks
17
Q

What is surfactant?

A
  • Detergent (phospholipids and lipophilic proteins)

- Stabilises alveoli and promotes gas exchange.

18
Q

Types of Neonatal lung disease

A
  • Surfactant deficiency (RDS)

- Chronic neonatal lung disease (BPD, CLDP)

19
Q

How would you treat Hyaline membrane disease (RDS)?

A
  • Antenatal glucocorticoids
  • Surfactant replacement
  • Oxygen
  • CPAP
  • Mechanical ventilation
20
Q

Antenatal paediatric origins of adult lung disease (COPD)

A
  • In utero nicotine exposure
  • Nutrition
  • Low birth weight/prematurity (antenatal steroids)
  • Micronutrients/vitamins
21
Q

Post-natal paediatric origins of adult lung disease (COPD)

A 
- Infection (Barker hypothesis)
growth
- ETS (+/- a1 AT deficiency)
- environmental pollution
- micronutrients/vitamins

Respiratory System (28 decks)

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