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psych 105 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Biologically primed form of attachment?

A

Imprinting

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2
Q

What did Harlow study

A

Attachment

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3
Q

Indiscriminate attachment behaviour

A

Newborns

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4
Q

Discriminate attachment behaviour

A

3 months

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5
Q

Specific attachment behaviour

A

7-8 months

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6
Q

Separation anxiety

A

Getting anxious when the mother leaves

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7
Q

12-16 months to 2-3 years?

A

Separation anxiety

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8
Q

Goal corrected partnership?

A

Ages 3-4

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9
Q

Strange situation test?

A

Type of attachment the baby has that involves playing with a stranger

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10
Q

Reacting positively during the test and distressed with mother’s leave

A

Secure attachment

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11
Q

Insecure attachment consists of?

A

Anxious resistant

Anxious avoidant

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12
Q

Anxious resistant?

A

Fearful all the time

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13
Q

Anxious avoidant

A

Show little to no signs of attachment

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14
Q

Secure infants are?

A

better socially adjusted

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15
Q

Nonsecure infants more?

A

Behavioural issues

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16
Q

Prolonged attachment deprivation can lead to

A

Long term risks

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17
Q

In cognitive performance (daycare controversy)

A

No differences except in high quality daycare

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18
Q

4 styles of parenting

A

Authoritative
Authoritarian
Indulgent
Neglectful

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19
Q

Demanding but caring

A

Authoritative

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20
Q

Warm but careless

A

Indulgent

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21
Q

Assertion of parental power without warmth

A

Authoritarian

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22
Q

Indifferent and uninvolved

A

Neglectful

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23
Q

Which parenting style is most ideal?

A

]Authoritative

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24
Q

Children of indulgent parend?

A

Are immature and self centred

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25
Q

Children of neglectful parents?

A

Negative developmental outcomes

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26
Q

Gender identity

A

(2-3 years), sense of femaleness or maleness

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27
Q

Gender constancy

A

(6-7 years) understanding one’s sex is permanent

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28
Q

People being treated differently based on sex

A

Sex typing

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29
Q

Kohlberg’s stage theory

A

Moral development

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30
Q

Preconventional reasoning is?

A

Level 1, judge what is right and wrong based on reward and punishment

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31
Q

Conventional reasoning is?

A

Level 2, Moral judgment based on conformity to expectations of society

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32
Q

Post conventional reasoning?

A

Based on conscience as well as general principles that are a part of a person’s values

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33
Q

How was Kohlberg’s theory criticized?

A

Western cultural bias
Gender bias
Thinking is prioritized over behaviour

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34
Q

Carol Gilligan’s criticism?

A

Differences between men and women in terms of values

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35
Q

Hauser proposed?

A

Innate intuitive neural mechanism

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36
Q

Which brain part is involved in some aspects of moral decisions

A

Prefrontal cortex

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37
Q

Early maturation generally more positive for ___?

A

Boys

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38
Q

Corpus callosum?

A

increases 10% during adolescence

39
Q

Basal metabolic rate?

A

Slows after 40

40
Q

Adult brain?

A

Brain tissue DOES get lost as we age

41
Q

Which brain parts show the greatest loss?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

42
Q

Two parts of adolescent egocentrism?

A

Overestimation

Oversensitivity

43
Q

Overestimation?

A

Over exaggeration of life situations

44
Q

Over sensitivity?

A

Believing that everyone is watching

45
Q

Post-formal operational thinking?

A

Final stage of development that allows an individual to combine parallel points and reason them into one

46
Q 
Decrease in Perceptual speed
Memory for new information
Spatial memory
Recall
Changes to prospective memory – less clear
A

Information processing

47
Q

Peak in middle adulthood then a decline

A

Crystallized intelligence

48
Q

Which type of intelligence is more stable?

A

Crystallized intel

49
Q

Fluid intelligence?

A

Declines in early adulthood

50
Q

Identity diffusion?

A

No crisis yet: no role

51
Q

Foreclosure?

A

Adopting a role sans identity crisis

52
Q

Moratorium?

A

Current unresolved identity crisis

53
Q

Identity Achievement?

A

Solving an identity crisis and knowing who you are

54
Q

Parental relationships?

A

Conflict is generally low

55
Q

Conflict examples?

A

Misconduct
Anti-social behaviour
Hopelessness
Low self esteem

56
Q

Marital satisfaction?

A

Declines over first few years

57
Q

Elisabeth Kubler Ross?

A

5 stages of grief

58
Q

Environmental Influence as well as Sex determination and genes

A

Prenatal Development

59
Q

Changes in biological, physical, psychological, and behavioral processes

A

Developmental psychology

60
Q

Age where experiences must occur

A

Critical period

61
Q

Sensitive period?

A

Optimal age range, can still learn but not as optimal

62
Q

Gradual changes?

A

Continuous

63
Q

Something before. but something else appears later?

A

Discontinuous

64
Q

Inverted U shape

A

Emerges early, peaks then diminishes with age

65
Q

U shape

A

Early emergence, disappears then re-emerges

66
Q

Cohort?

A

(group born at same time) studying one group at a time

67
Q

Cross-sectional?

A

(Comparing different ages at same time) Studying different groups at same time

68
Q

Longitudinal?

A

(Test same cohort at different times) Taking one single group and testing over time

69
Q

Sequential?

A

Test several cohorts as they age (combo of longitudinal and cross sectional)

70
Q

Different cohorts grew up in different time periods

Different experiences, cultural changes, environmental changes

A

Design issues for cross sectional design

71
Q

Time-consuming

People drop out

A

Design issues for longitudinal design

72
Q

3 stages of prenatal dev

A

Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal

73
Q

First two weeks where zygote attaches to uterine wall

A

Germinal

74
Q

Embryonic

A

2nd-8th week where placenta & umbilical cord develop

75
Q

Fetal

A

Begins on week 9 and after 28 weeks the age of viability is reached

76
Q

TDF?

A

Found in y chromosome and determine if testes are to develop

77
Q

Testes secrete?

A

Androgens

78
Q

The critical period in prenatal development is?

A

6-8weeks

79
Q

Insufficient androgen activity usually means?

A

Female

80
Q

Environmental agents that may cause abnormal fetal development?

A

Terotogens

81
Q

Maternal malnutrition causes?

A

Miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, impaired brain development

82
Q

Maternal stress causes?

A

Premature birth, attentional deficits and irritability

83
Q

AN example of a stress hormone?

A

Cortisol

84
Q

STD’s

A

Brain damage, blindness and deafness

85
Q

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?

A

Ranges from mild to severe cognitive, behavioural and physical deficits

86
Q

Newborns look longer at stimuli that?

A

They find interesting

87
Q

Cephalocaudal principle

A

Development is from head to foot

88
Q

Proximodistal principle

A

Innermost to outer most development

89
Q

First areas to develop for brain

A

Brainstem

90
Q

Last areas to develop

A

Associative areas of cortex

91
Q

Growth rate of brain

A

At 5 years, 90% of adult size

92
Q

Brain builds schemas to achieve understandings?

A

Piaget stage model

93
Q

Assimilation

A

New experiences incorporated into exisiting schemas

94
Q

Accommodation

A

New experiences cause exisiting schemas to change

psych 105 (5 decks)

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