Development Flashcards
GDP
Gross Domestic Product - the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. It’s often divided by the population of that country to give GDP per capita
HDI
Human Development Index - combines measurements of a country’s GDP, life expectancy and years in education to provide a figure that represents the country’s development level
Rostow’s modernisation theory
summarises economic growth of countries into five different stages:
1) traditional society
2) preconditions for take off - manufacturing industry growth, international outlook
3) take off - short period of intense urbanisation increase and industrialisation with technological breakthroughs.
4) drive to maturity - where industry diversifies and investment is made in infrastructure and improving quality of life over an extended period of time
5) Age of high mass consumption - where mass production feeds consumer demands.
Frank’s dependency theory
Idea that developing countries can’t develop as they are dependant on developed countries.
The most developed countries have the economic and political power to exploit less developed countries
e.g impose trade barriers and conditions for loans that hinder development
Top down development
- Large scale projects that aim at national level or regional level development
- very expensive
- sophisticated tech that needs experts to install and maintain
Bottom up development
- local scale projects that aim to benefit a small group of communities
- cheaper, funded by village
- straightforward technology that locals can learn to use
Globalisation
when companies from developed countries produce in countries with cheap labour often exploiting them
NGO
Non Governmental Organisations
Intermediate technology
simple technology that local people can operate and maintain themselves
TNCs
Transnational Corporations
Geopolitical
the effects of geography on international politics
