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Global Politics III & IV > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is development?

A

Improvement in the well-being of a nation’s people

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2
Q

Which are some ways to measure/interpret development within a country?

A
  • Economic growth
  • Less poverty
  • Better income distribution
  • Better institutions
  • Better fulfillment of rights
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3
Q

Which are some indices to measure economic development?

A
  • GDP per capita
  • GDP per capita PPP
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Maternal mortality rate
  • Life expectancy rate
  • Adolescent fertility rate
  • Adult literacy rate
  • Government expenditure per student
  • Pupil-teacher ratio
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4
Q

Which factors compose the Human Development Index (HDI)?

A
  • Health (life expectancy)
  • Education (mean of years of schooling/expected years of schooling)
  • Income (GNI per capita)
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5
Q

Which are some political factors that influence a country’s development?

A
  • Corruption
  • Transparency
  • Accountability
  • Infrastructure
  • Insecurity / Security
  • History
  • Culture
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6
Q

Which are the steps within the vicious cycle of political instability?

A
  1. Political instability and threat of property violation
  2. Low domestic and foreign investment
  3. Low or negative growth
  4. Poverty and social conflict
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7
Q

Which are some economic factors that may influence a country’s development?

A
  • Resource availaibility
  • Trade issues
  • Debt
  • Informal economy
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8
Q

What does resource availability consist on regarding economic factors that impact development?

A
  • Natural resources
  • Labor and human capital
  • Physical capital
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9
Q

What is debt?

A

Utilizing unavailable resources to finance present consumption

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10
Q

Which are some social factors that influence a country’s development?

A
  • Education
  • Labor
  • Gender inequality index
  • Health
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11
Q

Which are some factors within the educational component that influences development?

A
  • Male education is privileged
  • Literacy rates
  • Gender discrimination
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12
Q

Which are some factors within the labor component that influences development?

A
  • Low workforce participation
  • Glass cieling (trouble climbing up the hierarchy)
  • Wage gap
  • Harassment
  • Unpaid labor
  • Income
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13
Q

What does the gender inequality index consist of?

A
  • Reproductive health
  • Empowerment
  • Labor market participation
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14
Q

Which are some factors within the health component that influences development?

A
  • Gender-specific forms of violence

- Patterns of disregard for female well-being

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15
Q

How has the World Bank gotten involved within countries’ development?

A
  • OP 4.01: environmental assessment (projects must ensure sustainability)
  • OP 4.02: involuntary resettlement
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16
Q

What is corruption?

A

Behavior which deviates from the formal duties of a public role because of private-regarding pecuniary or status gains, or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private-regarding influence

17
Q

Which are the three types of corruption?

A
  • Grand corruption: high officials distorting police
  • Petty corruption: acts of abuse from officials during their interactions with citizens
  • Political corruption: manipulation of policies, institutions and rules
18
Q

What is transparency?

A

When political actors are open about their decision-making processes and the public can freely access informaiton about their activities

19
Q

What are the two dimensions of accountability?

A
  • Answerability: public authorities are obliged to inform other actors about their decisions and justify their decisions to other actors
  • Enforcement: public authorities can be punished for violating their public duties
20
Q

Who do we define as migrants?

A

Those people whose decision to live in a country different to the one where they were born, was taken freely, for personal convenience, with no external causes

21
Q

What is known as ‘brain drain’?

A

The flight of human capital from a devveloping country to a developed country

22
Q

Which are some consequences of migration for the country of origin?

A
  • Government expenditure increase
  • Unemployment
  • Potential returnees
  • Prejudice and discrimination

Global Politics III & IV (9 decks)

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