development Flashcards
What are the three periods of prenatal development?
The three periods are the germinal period, the embryonic period, and the fetal period.
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
Cross-sectional studies measure different individuals at one point in time, while longitudinal studies track the same group over an extended period of time.
What are the sources of development?
The sources of development involve the interaction between nature and nurture.
Are children active contributors in their own development or passive recipients of others?
Children are considered to be active contributors in their own development as they interact with their environment and experiences.
What is an example of a teratogen?
Thalidomide is an example of a teratogen that caused significant harm to developing embryos.
Why are people different from each other according to individual differences in development?
Individual differences in development stem from a combination of genetics, environmental factors, and personal experiences.
What are the central questions in developmental psychology?
The central questions include continuity, sources of development, plasticity, individual differences, and active/passive roles in development.
What is the difference between cellular-clock theory and wear-and-tear theory in aging?
The cellular-clock theory suggests that cells have a limit to division due to telomere shortening, while the wear-and-tear theory attributes aging to organ use and abuse.
What is maturation in the context of physical development?
Maturation refers to the biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior and development.
Give an example of a qualitative change in development.
An example of a qualitative change is the transformation from a caterpillar to a butterfly.
What are the main landmarks of physical development during adolescence?
The main landmarks include the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.
What is the life span in terms of aging and physical changes?
The life span is the maximum age possible for a species, with theories like the cellular-clock theory and wear-and-tear theory explaining aging.
What is plasticity in developmental psychology?
Plasticity refers to the capacity of the developmental process to be modified based on experiences and environmental influences.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal studies?
Longitudinal studies provide detailed information on individual changes over time but can be time-consuming, costly, and may face issues like attrition.
What happens during the germinal period of prenatal development?
The germinal period starts at conception and ends with the implantation of the zygote into the uterine wall.
