Development Flashcards
Developmental Screenings: at what ages for
Infancy
Early Childhood
when is ASD screening
screening: actual tools used to evaluate child
surveillance: observing and noting behavior/social and physical development = happening at every visit
Infancy (0 to 1 year)
- developmental survellience at every visit
- 9 months = developmental screening
Early Childhood (after 1 year - 5 years) then the schools take over
- 18 months = developmental screening
- 18 months = ASD screen
- 24 months = ASD screen
- 30 months = developmental screening
What are the areas of development we are assessing in a child
5 areas
which are big areas where we can see autism symptoms
Areas of Development
Growth
- child TRIPLES birth weight in first year
- 2+ year olds: gain 4.5-6.5 lbs a year & 5cm of height
- brain grows too!
Cognitive
- pointing to objects at 1 year
- yelling for these objects at 2.5 years
Speech
- a couple words and full sentences at 3 years
Motor
- fine motor (picking up pencils)
- gross motor (riding a bike)
- walking, etc.
Social
- parellel play and group play
social/emotion area & speech is where we see lack of progression in ASD pt.
Motor Developments
ones to know (1 specific)
Gross Motor Development
during this, child needs encouragement and practice with parents, these will not just spontaneously develop
4 months = head control
9 months: should be able to sit up without support
15 months = takes some steps
18 months = walks alone
2 years = run and kick ball
5 years = hop on one foot
Fine Motor Development
3 key milestones to know
- in their mouth
- rake
- feed self
Fine Motor Development
looking here for progression, regression otr skipping steps is a big sign
4 months = hold toy
6 months = put things into their mouths
9 months = raking: to pull closer
15 months = feeds self; messy but does it
2 years = using a sppon
4 years = holding a crayon
Cognitive Developmental Milestones
2 to know
- putting into a box
- copies you
Cognitive Development
big area where we can begin to see changes in ASD pt.
2 months = follow with eyes
9 months = look for hidden things
12 months = puts things into boxes; maybe not right but they try
18 months = will try to copy you
4 years = knowns some colors, shapes and numbers
5 years = write name
Social/Emotional Development Milestones
3 big ones
- smile & coo
- parallel play
- play with friends
Socail/Emotional Development
2 months = reciprocate smile
4 months = smile & coo TO GET YOU ATTENTION
9 months = peek a boo
1 year = pat-a-cake
18 months = look at books with you
30 months = parallel play: will play next to other kids
4 years = rather play with friends than mom
children not wanting to play with others, not wanting to parallel play = ASD sign
Language MileStones
3 to know
- understanding no
- pointing at a book
- back and forth exchange
Language Development
langugae development delay does not EQUAL ASD, could be just delayed language
4 months = ooo and ahhh
9 months = blabber mamam bababab
12 months = understands NO, says mama, dada
30 months = 2+ word sentences, points to things in a book
3 years = 2+ back and forth exchanges of words, can be understood and asks why
Red Flags: Early ASD signs
12 months = not responding to name
14 months = does not point to objects/show interest
18 months = does not pretend play
Generally
- avoids eye contact
- cant talk about feelings, understand feelings
- delayed speech/language
- repeats phrases over and over (not from things you said)
- upset by minor changes
- obsessive interests
- repetitive movements: hand flapping, rocking, spinning
- unusualy rxn to smells, light, sound, etc.
differentiate between surveillance, screening and evaluation
only developmental peds, psychiatrists, etc. can diagnois and evaluate a child for ASD
Surveillance: process of recognzing children who may be at risk for delays
- asking questions and obseriving at appt.
Screening: standardized tools to identify and refine the recognized risk
- refer from here
Evaluation: complex process to identify development disorders effecting child
How to Survey in a peds. appt.
- listen to the parent and their concerns
- document thorough development hisotry (to compare between visits & ensure progression)
- critcally observe child
- idetify risk factors: daycare v nanny, enough space/location to play, enivronment, etc.
- maintain accurate record
surveilence at every visit
screening: developmental at 9 months, 18 months and 30 months
ASDscreening : 18 months ad 24 months
ASD Screening Tools
most commonly used: M CHAT : modified checklist for autism in toddlers
CSBS: communication and symbolic behavior scales is newer
take the screenign tool then is comapred to “normal” scores from other toddlers
You get a postive ASD Screening tool, now what
Refer to Developmental Pediatrician
- they will do comprehensive review and assessment
Refer to Early Intervention (birht to 3 years)
- development ped. takes two years… so this is good too
- they will be evaulated by a team of specialists
- if > 3 can be evaluated by special eduation team at school
Hearing and Vision Screening
Review of Newborn Screen and Growth Chart
Look for Risk Factors
- social and environmental
What is Early Intervention & Special Education for ASD
EI: Early Intervention
- birth to 3 years
- associated with improved cognitive and social outcomes
- mandaded by IDEA if suspected or confirmed problem
Special Education
- locak school system evaluation
- eligibility varies by state
- parent must request evaluation
- IEP developed : individualized educational plan
