Common Conditions of the Infant & Infant Care

Question 1

Colic
etiology
symptoms
treatment
intervention tips as provider

Answer 1

Etiology
- healthy term infants: well-fed
- happens around 2-3 months & in the late afternoon
- dx. of exclusion: all other reasons for crying

Symptoms
- cries for > 3 hours/day
- for > 3 days/week
- for 3 weeks
- positioning issues
- wont soother to typical interventions
- flatulance
- no clear trigger

Diagnosis: of exclusion
ruel out: GERD, allergy to breastmilk, corneal abrasion, UTI, absue

Treament
- not really any
- simethicone
- DO NOT GIVE dicyclomine

Intervention Tips
- patterns and behaviors of caretaking
- whats their normal
- reassure this is limited
- encourgae quiet environment & swaddling
- swinging with music
- change feeding/bottle habitis
- no FDA herbals approved!!!

Question 2

Positional Plagiocephaly
Etiology
Intervention/Treatment
Prevent what….

Answer 2

Etiology
- position: supine position results in abnormal modling of baby head!
- position post-natal!

Intervention/Treatement
- resolves once they’re mobile and moving
- change their position when they wake
- encourage tummy time
- no need for surgery
- can use a helmet!

Prevention Torticollis!!
- shortening of neck muslces due to position by encourgaing variety of positioning and PT if needed

Question 3

Molding
etiology

Answer 3

Etiology
- changes in the babies body, ears, feet etc. as a result of their positioning in utero!!
- these are not perminant: like the foot could be twsited but you can move it back to normal position

Question 4

Amniotic Band Syndrome

Answer 4

• amniotic band is created in utero from the amniotic fluid & can wrap around baby
• constricts blood flow to the extermities
• can result in amputation

Question 5

BRUE: brief resolved unexplained events
criteria
high risk babies

Answer 5

Criteria for BRUE
- infants (less than 1)
- signs of the following
- apnea or irregular breathing
- cyanosis/pallor
- marked chang in muslce tone
- decreased responsiveness for < 1 minute
- tehy RETURN TO BASELINE

High Risk
- those < 60 days
- premature < 32 weeks
- required CPR at brith
- not their first BRUE: increased incidence

Question 6

BRUE: Reasons for the BRUE by system

using at home monitor of breathing for baby? yes or no

Answer 6

GI
- GERD with or without obstructive apnea

Respiratory
- abnormality in airway
- pulmonary slings, pneumonia

Neruologic
- seizure
- CNS infection! meningitis
- vasovagal response
- brain tumor

CV
- congenital malformation
- dysarrhtymia
- cardiomyopathy

nonaccidental trauma
- absue

the need for home monitoring is not recommneded, no change in rate & more false alarms

Question 7

SUIDS v SIDS

Answer 7

SIDS: suddent infant death syndrome
- sudden death, unexpected BEFORE THE AGE OF 1
- UNEXPLAINED even after investigation
- usually at night during 2-4 months

SUIDS: sudden UNEXPECTED infatnt death syndrome
- sudden death, unexpected BEFORE AGE OF 1
- EXPLAINED REASON, or unexplained: they were able to find teh cause
- peaks at night ages 2-4 months

Question 8

Risk Factors for SUIDS and SUDS

ways to prevent

Answer 8

Risk FActors
- low SES
- smoking
- unsafe sleeping habits: co-sleeping
- premature baby
- young mom
- crowded living

Ways to prevent
- back to sleep
- crib clean: no blankets
- comfy temp
- baby on firm surface
- safe swaddle
- breasfeeding…?

Question 9

SUDC: Sudden unexpected death in childhood

Answer 9

sudden death in kids 1 year to 18 years
- most kids 1-4 years

Unexplained after through investigation
- no prediction or prevention
- research is limited

Question 10

Breastfeeding perks

Bottle perks

Answer 10

fed is best! breast is good, bottle is good too!!

Breastmilk
- immune boost
- no temperature requirements
- content of milk changes as baby grows
- cost effective
- readily aval.

Bottle feeding
- formula made to change as baby grows
- anyone can feed baby!
- sleep better
- less judgement, less discomfort for mom
- diet doesnt affect milk

Question 11

Breasfeeding cons
bottle cons

contraindications to breastmilk

Answer 11

Breastfeeding con.
- mom needed 24/7
- mastitis, biting
- cant control leaking
- jaundice due to breastfeeding
- worry about eat/drink

Bottle con.
- difficult to feed demand
- expensive
- stimga
- need bottle on hand
- sterile water!

Contraindications to breastmilk
- active TB
- galactosemia in baby
- HIV mom (unless on ART)
- non-fortified breastmilk when infant needs more