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Grade 9 Geography > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

Means becoming better, stronger, more advanced.

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2
Q

Indicators

A

Information and statistics that tells us about the level of development of a country.

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3
Q

Standard of living

A

Amount of wealth and access to resources that people have.

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4
Q

Quality of life

A

How good a persons life is/ the level of comfort that person has.

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5
Q

Infrastructure

A

Installations such as roads, bridges, sewers, railways etc.

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6
Q

Basic needs

A

Things people need to live eg food, clothing, clean water and housing.

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7
Q

Deplete

A

Reduce resources, often to a level where they don’t recover.

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8
Q

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

A

Total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year.

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9
Q

GDP per capita

A

Gross Domestic Product divided by the total population of a country. (The average amount of money available to be spent on each person in the country.)

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10
Q

Adult literacy rate

A

The percentage of adult population (>15) who can read and write.

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11
Q

HDI (human development index)

A

Measures well being and compares the level of development of different countries.

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12
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average number of years a person in a particular country is expected to live.

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13
Q

What does MEDC stand for?

A

More economically developed country.

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14
Q

What does LEDC stand for?

A

Less economically developed country.

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of MEDC?

A
  • High level of development.
  • High standard of living.
  • Good literacy.
  • Low death rate.
  • Low birth rate.
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16
Q

What are some characteristics of LEDC?

A
  • Low level of development.
  • Poor standard of living.
  • Poor literacy.
  • High DR.
  • High BR.
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17
Q

What are the 3 main aspects of development?

A

Economic aspects.
Social aspects.
Environmental aspects.

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18
Q

What are the economic aspects of development?

A

How wealthy a country is.

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19
Q

What is an example of an economic indicator?

A

Per capita income.

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20
Q

What is per capita income?

A

The average amount of money that a person earns per year.

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21
Q

How do LEDCs earn most of their income?

A

From primary activities.

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22
Q

How do MEDCs earn most of their income?

A

From secondary or retired activities.

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23
Q

What do social aspects of development include?

A

Quality of life, access to social services, infrastructure and access to basic needs.

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24
Q

What social aspects do MEDC have?

A

Strong democracies, personal freedom, and their people have basic human rights (racial and gender equality).

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25
Q

What are the environmental aspects of development?

A

How countries use their resources.

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26
Q

How should development be environmentally?

A

Environmentally sustainable-causes little long-term damage to the environment and leaves enough resources for future generations.

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27
Q

What are used to measure development?

A

Social, economic and environmental indicators.

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28
Q

What are some reasons why GDP per capita doesn’t improve in certain countries?

A 
Wars
Rapid population growth
Paying off debts
Lack of resources for development
Natural + human disasters
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29
Q

What is the most commonly used statistic for measuring development?

A

The human development index (HDI)

30
Q

Why does the HDI give a more balanced picture of the level of development?

A

It combines a few indicators, therefor giving a more balanced picture of the level of development.

31
Q

What does the human development index measure?

A

It measures well-being and compares the level of development of different countries.

32
Q

Which indicators does HDI use?(3)

A

Life expectancy, Eduction, GDP per capita.

33
Q

What type of indicator is life expectancy?

A

Social

34
Q

What type of indicator is eduction?

A

Social

35
Q

What type of indicator is GDP per capita?

A

Economic.

36
Q

What numbers indicate what the HDI is?

A

An HDI of 0 indicates the worst possible quality of life, and a rating of 1 indicates the best.

37
Q

Why is life expectancy one of the best social indicators?

A

It is influenced by factors such as level of nutrition and standard of health services in a country.

38
Q

Why has LE improved in MEDCs the last 50 years?

A

Improvement in medicines and medical treatment.

39
Q

Why has LE dropped in some LEDCs?

A

Diseases such as AIDS and Malaria.

40
Q

What do good education systems produce?

A

Well-qualified people who can use their skills to make good use of resources, start industries and generally to increase the level of development of the country.

41
Q

Why would the level of eduction be bad in some countries?

A

Overcrowded schools, children have to leave school to find work, some countries girls are denied education.

42
Q

What does GDP stand for?

A

Gross Domestic product.

43
Q

What does per capita mean?

A

Per person: divided by total population.

44
Q

What currency is GDP per capita given in?

A

US dollars.

45
Q

How do you work out GDP per capita?

A

Divide total GDP by the total population.

46
Q

Why is GDP as an indicator misleading?

A
  • High incomes don’t guarantee high levels of development.
  • Cost of living varies from country to country.
  • Size of population.
47
Q

Exploiting

A

Using something that belongs to another person for your own benefit.

48
Q

Colonialism

A

Policy of taking over political control of another country occupying it with settlers and exploiting its resources.

49
Q

Trade deficit

A

Amount by which the cost of imports exceeds the value of exports.

50
Q

Trade barriers

A

Measures that make it more difficult for other countries to export their products into the country that imposes these trade barriers.

51
Q

Subsidies

A

Money paid by the government to local farmers or suppliers to make their prices lower and sharper than imported goods.

52
Q

Trade tariffs

A

Taxes added to prices of imported goods, making them more expensive so that they don’t sell as easy as local goods.

53
Q

Embargoes

A

Laws preventing a particular country from selling goods to the country passing the laws.

54
Q

Industrialization

A

A country changes from being a producer of primary goods to being a manufacturer of products in large factories.

55
Q

What are some reasons for differences in development?

A

Historical, political, economic, or associated with education, heath and welfare.

56
Q

When did colonialism occur?

A

1400s continue into the 1900s.

57
Q

What often occurred when a country took over political control of another country?

A

They often exploited its resources.

58
Q

What did countries exploiting the resources of the country they colonized result in?

A

Increased level of development of the colonic power, but opposite effect on the colony.

59
Q

What have countries learnt? (Trade)

A

How to use new resources and have made an income by selling their surplus resources leading to an increase in wealth and development of countries.

60
Q

When does trade imbalance occur?

A

When the income received from exports does not equal the cost of imports.

61
Q

When does a trade deficit occur?

A

When the value of imports is greater than the value of exports.

62
Q

What might the country have to do if they have a trade deficit?

A

May need to take a loan to pay the difference.

63
Q

Why are trade barriers created?

A

To protect their own industries and this affects countries that want to sell goods to them.

64
Q

What are examples of unfair trade practices?(3)

A

Subsides, trade tariffs and embargoes.

65
Q

What does fair trade encourage?

A

Importers in developed countries to pay higher prices for imports from developing countries.

66
Q

What is the best example of industrialization?

A

Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 18th century.

67
Q

Why did many of the First Nations to become industrialized move into new areas? (Like information technology)

A

Negative environmental impacts (air, water pollution) caused by industries.

68
Q

Who are now some of the worlds biggest manufacture?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. (BRICS)

69
Q

What are NICs?

A

Newly industrialized countries.

70
Q

What’s happened to the countries that have industrialized and use advance technology?

A

The living standards of the population have improved a great deal.

71
Q

What indicators does HDI not use?

A

Environmental.

Grade 9 Geography (5 decks)

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