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Molecular > Develop Of Multicellular Organisms 2 > Flashcards

Develop Of Multicellular Organisms 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is phase 1 of neuronal development

A

“I am by myself” cell survival via a lot of cell division and proliferation. Develop independently of each other

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2
Q

What is phase 2 of neuronal development

A

Cell body will throw out connections with anything; cannot delineate between axon and dendrites. Just wats to have a function and connection with a partner cell

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3
Q

What is phase 3 of neuronal development?

A

Refinement of connections and merging of function via electrical signals

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4
Q

Neurons and glial cells develop from what gastrula layer

A

Ectoderm

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5
Q

CNS composes what?

A

Neural tube ie brain, spinal cord, retina

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6
Q

PNS composes what?

A

Neural crest ie nerves and sensory neurons

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7
Q

What is on the dorsal side of embryo?

A

Neural groove

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8
Q

Neural gradually deepens as __ become elevated

A

Neural folds

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9
Q

Neural folds meet, coalesce, and convert groove into closed __

A

Neural tube

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10
Q

Center of neural tube is __

A

Neural canal

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11
Q

What pathway controls differentiation (lateral inhibition and positive feedback)

A

Delta Notch

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12
Q

The roof of the neural tube is the dorsal or ventral side?

A

Dorsal (BMP)

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13
Q

The floor of the neural tube is the dorsal or ventral side?

A

Ventral (Hedgehog)

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14
Q

Neural crest is at __ end

A

Dorsal end

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15
Q

Fate of the neural crest cell depends on where they migrate to settle: 1st born present in __ layer and last born present in __ layer

A

1st born = inner layer

Last born = outer layer

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16
Q

The tip of axon/dendrite has irregular spiky enlargement called the

A

Growth cone

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17
Q

Axon-specific proteins will become __ and everything else __

A

Axon specific proteins will become AXONS and everything else DENDRITES

18
Q

What are the 2 monomeric GTPases that control actin assembly and disassembly

A

Rho and Rac

19
Q

Growth cones throw out: (they are rich in actin)

A

Filopodia and lamelopodia

20
Q

Axon is rich in:

A

Microtubules

21
Q

ECM has predictable routes of travel for neurons based on what 2 classes of homophilic cell adhesion molecules

A

Immunoglobin superfamily and cadherin family

22
Q

Matrix molecules such as laminin favor __ outgrowth

A

Axonal outgrowth

23
Q

Matrix molecules such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inhibit:

A

Growth

24
Q

Ventral clusters = what type of neurons

A

Motor neurons

25
Q

Commissural neurons originate at:

A

Roof plate of neural tube

26
Q

Commissural neurons move from roof plate to __ plate

A

Floor plate

27
Q

Commissural neurons move from floor plate toward:

A

The brain

28
Q

What are the repellent chemotactic factors

A

Slit and semaphorin

29
Q

What are the attractive chemotatic factors

A

Netrin

30
Q

How does netrin work:

A

Netrin secreted by cells of floor plate-> bind to receptor to cause Ca2+ channels to open-> extracellular Ca2+ enters->activates to extend filopodia and movement of growth cone-> cells move down towards the floor plate

31
Q

How do the repellent chemotactic factors function:

A

Slit secreted by midline cells -> slit repels growth cones and blocks entry to the midline -> growth cones encounter semaphorin -> trapped between 2 repellents and cells leave floor plate and move away

32
Q

If there are enough neurotrophic factors, neurons will form synapses. T/F?

A

True

33
Q

Nerve growth factors (NGF) are secreted by what kind of cells and promote what?

A

Secreted by partner cells and promote survival of specific sensory neurons

34
Q

What is the NGF receptor?

A

TrkA

35
Q

NGF comes from what family:

A

Neurotrophins

36
Q

What is the short term effect of NGF

A

Local, direct, rapid and independent. Effect on growth cone neurite extension

37
Q

What is the long term effect of NGF?

A

Effect on cell survival

38
Q

In phase 3 synaptic remodeling, compete for tectal neurons. T/F?

A

True

39
Q

What are tectal axons

A

Axons from cells in different regions of retina

40
Q

NMDA (glutamate) receptor is a channel that allows what inside?

A

Ca2+ for lasting change in synaptic strength

41
Q

How are new dendritic spines formed

A

APs cause neurotransmitters released causes learning and new dendrites are formed

Molecular (6 decks)

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