Devavāṇīpraveśikā (2)

Question 1

kriyāpada

Answer 1

finite verb or “action word”

Question 2

kartṛ

Answer 2

(logical) subject

Question 3

karman

Answer 3

(logical) object

Question 4

karaṇa

Answer 4

instrument (in the instrumental case)

Question 5

sakarmaka

Answer 5

transitive

Question 6

sakarmakadhātu

Answer 6

transitive verb (root)

Question 7

akarmaka

Answer 7

intransitive

Question 8

akarmakadhātu

Answer 8

intransitive verb (root)

Question 9

subanta

Answer 9

nominal form (anything with case endings)

Question 10

tiṅanta

Answer 10

finite verbal form (anything with finite verb endings)

Question 11

kṛdanta

Answer 11

(any kind of) participle

Question 12

bhute kṛdanta

Answer 12

past (passive) participle

Question 13

vartamāne kṛdanta

Answer 13

present active participle

Question 14

ktavatu

Answer 14

past active ppl (bhute kṛdanta + -vant / -mant)

Question 15

tvānta / lyabanta

Answer 15

(-tvā / -ya) gerund

Question 16

kṛtya

Answer 16

gerundive

Question 17

loṭ

Answer 17

imperative

Question 18

matup , vatup

Answer 18

possessive adjectives formed with -mant / -vant

Question 19

samāsa

Answer 19

compound word

Question 20

luk

Answer 20

‘loss’ (e.g. of case endings)

Question 21

sup

Answer 21

case ending

Question 22

artha, bhāva

Answer 22

meaning or definition of a word

Question 23

vigraha

Answer 23

analysis (e.g. of compounds)

Question 24

samānādhikaraṇa

Answer 24

case agreement
\
vs. कारक kāraka n. “instrumental in bringing about the action denoted by a verb (equals kriyā-hetu-or -nimitta-) “, the notion of a case (but not co-extensive with the term case;there are six such relations according to to karman-, karaṇa-, kartṛ-, sampradāna-, apādāna-, adhikaraṇa-,qq. vv. The idea of the genitive case is not considered a kāraka-,because it ordinarily expresses the relation of two nouns to each other, but not the relation of a noun and verb).

Question 25

adhikaraṇa

Answer 25

location, the sense of the locative (7) case

Question 26

upapada samāsa

Answer 26

a ‘reduced word’ compound

(e.g. veda-vit, karma-kṛt, Vṛtra-han)

Question 27

tumannanta

Answer 27

infinitive

Question 28

viśeṣaṇa

Answer 28

adjective

Question 29

viśeṣya

Answer 29

the noun modified by an adjective

Question 30

sati saptamī

Answer 30

locative absolute

Question 31

sataḥ ṣaṣṭhī

Answer 31

genitive absolute

(a.k.a anādaraṣaṣṭhī ‘genitive of disrespect’ [‘in spite of’])

Question 32

seṭ , veṭ , & aniṭ

Answer 32

seṭ , veṭ , & aniṭ => roots where the Bindevokal -i- [which Pāṇini calls ‘iṭ’] (historically an i-coloring laryngial) is required (seṭ), optional (veṭ), or always absent ( aniṭ) in forms like the future, ppp and infinitive.

Question 33

sāmānyabhaviṣyatkāle lṛṭ

Answer 33

simple future tense (sāmānya =

‘general’, so ‘future tense in general future time’)

Question 34

atipattau lṛṅ

Answer 34

future in the case of atipatti (f.) ‘going beyond,
passing, lapse, non-performance’ (i.e. Contrafactual
= ‘the conditional tense’)

Question 35

abhyāsa

Answer 35

reduplication

Question 36

abhyāsalopa

Answer 36

‘loss of reduplication’

Question 37

rtvam

Answer 37

change of medial ‘a’ to ‘e’ in forming perfect stems

(e.g. √tap => tepuḥ)

Question 38

ṇijanta

Answer 38

(ending in ṇic [Pāṇini for ‘i’, which with guṇa is ‘-ay’]) => causative secondary conjugation

Question 39

preraka

Answer 39

‘causer’, ‘impeller’ : another name for causative secondary conjugation

Question 40

yaṇanta

Answer 40

yaṇanta = (ending in yaṇ [Pāṇini for 'stem sign "y"']) => intensive secondary conjugation with ending in yaṇ (more common in later language, conjugated thematically and only in atmanepada: e.g. Dā => dedīyate)
vs.
yaṇluganta = (NOT ending in yaṇ [luk is Pāṇini for 'absence of']) => intensive secondary conjugation WITHOUT ending in yaṇ (the older form of the intensive, conjugated only in parasmaipada and always like class III with -ati in 3pl pres and -uḥ in 3pl. Ipf. : e.g. Vid => vevetti / vevidīti).

Question 41

yaṇluganta

Answer 41

yaṇluganta = (NOT ending in yaṇ [luk is Pāṇini for 'absence of']) => intensive secondary conjugation WITHOUT ending in yaṇ (the older form of the intensive, conjugated only in parasmaipada and always like class III with -ati in 3pl pres and -uḥ in 3pl. Ipf. : e.g. Vid => vevetti / vevidīti).
vs.
yaṇanta = (ending in yaṇ [Pāṇini for 'stem sign "y"']) => intensive secondary conjugation with ending in yaṇ (more common in later language, conjugated thematically and only in atmanepada: e.g. Dā => dedīyate)

Question 42

sannanta

Answer 42

(ending in san [Pāṇini for ‘-s’]) => desiderative secondary conjugation

Question 43

nāmadhātu

Answer 43

denominative secondary conjugation (Class X)

Question 44

āgama

Answer 44

‘preterite augment’ (a-)

Question 45

upasarga

Answer 45

‘preverb’ or ‘verbal prefix’

Question 46

pratyaya

Answer 46

‘derivational suffix’

Question 47

kṛt pratyaya

Answer 47

‘primary derivational suffix’

(added directly to the verbal root, often but not always with guṇa)

Question 48

taddhita pratyaya

Answer 48

‘secondary derivational suffix’

(added to a stem already derived by kṛt or some other means, often but not always with vṛddhi)

Question 49

kvip pratyaya

Answer 49

‘primary derivational suffix consisting of ZERO, i.e. Nothing is actually added and the bare verbal root itself (with or without upasarga or prefix) is used as the stem to which endings are added’

Question 50

kārakam

Answer 50

‘the relation of noun to verb, expressed by the grammatical case’
\
vs. अधिकरण adhikaraṇam n. relationship of words in a sentence (which agree together, either as adjective and substantive, or as subject and predicate, or as two substantives in apposition).

Question 51

prakṛti

Answer 51

‘the underlying nominal form to which a secondary suffix (taddhita pratyaya) is added’

Question 52

apatyavācaka

Answer 52

‘derivative noun showing patronymic/metronymic/showing genealogical descent.

Question 53

bhāvavācaka

Answer 53

‘derivative noun showing abstraction, an abstract noun formation’

Question 54

tasyedam

Answer 54

‘derivative noun showing belonging or possession’

Question 55

tadveda

Answer 55

‘derivative noun showing knowledge of the underlying noun’ (vaidika for veda)

Question 56

tatra bhāvaḥ

Answer 56

(?) ‘produced from the referent of the prakṛti (e.g. dantya ‘dental’ from dantaḥ (m) ‘tooth)’ (??)

Question 57

svāmin

Answer 57

possessor

Question 58

svāmitvavācaka

Answer 58

‘derivative nouns expressive of ownership’ (-mant, -vant, in, vin : similar in idea to tadveda )

Question 59

utkarṣavācaka pratyaya

Answer 59

(comparative/superlative suffixes -tara and -tama : those in -īyas and -iṣṭha are technically utkarṣavācaka kṛt pratyaya and not taddhita pratyaya)

Question 60

cvi pratyaya (cvi-Bildung in German)

Answer 60

cvi pratyaya (cvi-Bildung in German) => (cvi with short i): formed by inserting a LONG -ī- between the underlying prakṛti and either -kṛ or -bhū so as to create a derivative (any part of speech) that can have the meaning of ‘making’ (other things) or ‘becoming’ (itself) whatever the underlyijng prakṛti is.

Question 61

upamā

Answer 61

simile

Question 62

upameya

Answer 62

upameya => ‘subject of comparison’ (upamā = simile)
vs.
upamāna => ‘object of comparison’
\
In the context of poetics or aesthetics (Alamkara Sastra) upamana is a member of the pair upamana- upameya. As an item of the said pair the upamana stands for the thing (the moon) with which certain other thing is upameya. Two things are viewed as upamana and upameya if they resemble each other.

Question 63

upamāna

Answer 63

upamāna => ‘object of comparison’ (upamā = simile)
vs.
upameya => ‘subject of comparison’ (upamā = simile)
\
In the context of poetics or aesthetics (Alamkara Sastra) upamana is a member of the pair upamana- upameya. As an item of the said pair the upamana stands for the thing (the moon) with which certain other thing is upameya. Two things are viewed as upamana and upameya if they resemble each other.

Question 64

rupakam

Answer 64

metaphor