alaṃkāra-s

Question 1

अर्थ m.

Answer 1

अर्थ m. the meaning of a word (of which are identified 3 types)

Question 2

अभिधा f.

Answer 2

अभिधा f. [अर्थ] the literal power or sense of a word

Question 3

लक्षणा f.

Answer 3

लक्षणा f. [अर्थ] indication, elliptical expression, use of a word for another word with a cognate meaning (as of”head”for”intellect”), indirect or figurative sense of a word (one of its three artha-s; the other two being abhidhā-or proper sense, and vyañjanā-or suggestive sense; with sāropā-, the placing of a word in its figurative sense in apposition to another in its proper sense)

Question 4

व्यञ्जना f.

Answer 4

व्यञ्जना f. [अर्थ] (in rhetoric) implied indication, allusion, suggestion

Question 5

ध्वनि m.

Answer 5

ध्वनि m. allusion, hint, implied meaning, poetical style [काव्यस्यात्मा ध्वनि - Ānandavardhana]

Question 6

शब्दगुण m.

Answer 6

शब्दगुण m. the excellence of the sound or form (of a poem, as opp. to artha-g- q.v;there are 10 guṇālaṃkāras-,viz. ojas-, prasāda-, śleṣa-, samatā-, samādhi-, mādhurya-, saukumārya-, udāratā-, artha-vyakti-,and kānti-,qq. vv.)

Question 7

ओजस् n.

Answer 7

ओजस् n. [शब्दगुण] (in rhetoric) elaborate style (abounding with compounds)

Question 8

प्रसाद m.

Answer 8

प्रसाद m. [शब्दगुण] clearness of style, perspicuity

Question 9

श्लेष m.

Answer 9

श्लेष m. [शब्दगुण] (in rhetoric) “connection”,”combination”(one of the ten guṇa-s or merits of composition, consisting either in a pleasing combination of words or of contrasted ideas, or of words having a double meaning) double meaning, equivoque, ambiguity, paranomasia, pun, hidden meaning

Question 10

समता f.

Answer 10

समता f. [शब्दगुण] (sam/a–) sameness of level

Question 11

समाधि m.

Answer 11

समाधि m. [शब्दगुण] (in rhetoric) Name of various figures of speech (defined as ārohāvarohakrama-, artha-dṛṣṭi-, anya-dharmāṇām anyatrādhirohaṇa-etc.)

Question 12

माधुर्य n.

Answer 12

माधुर्य n. [शब्दगुण] (in rhetoric) grace of style (especially consisting in the employment of separated words in a sentence, as opp. to śleṣa- q.v)

Question 13

सौकुमार्य n.

Answer 13

सौकुमार्य n. [शब्दगुण] (in fine compositi or ‘at the end of a compound’ f(ā-).) tenderness, delicate

Question 14

उदारता f.

Answer 14

उदारता f. [शब्दगुण] elegance of speech or expression

Question 15

अर्थ m.

Answer 15

अर्थ m. [शब्दगुण] a figure of speech (according to some rhetoricians) in which a relevant assertion suggests an inference not actually connected with the the subject in hand, or vice versa; it corresponds to what is popularly called कैमुतिकन्याय or दण्डापूपन्याय

Question 16

व्यक्ति f.

Answer 16

व्यक्ति f. [शब्दगुण] specific appearance, distinctness, individuality

Question 17

कान्ति f.

Answer 17

कान्ति f. [शब्दगुण] (in rhetoric) beauty enhanced by love

Question 18

रस m.

Answer 18

रस m. (in rhetoric) the taste or character of a work, the feeling or sentiment prevailing in it (from 8 to 10 rasa-s are generally enumerated, viz. śṛṅgāra-,love; vīra-,heroism; bībhatsa-,disgust; raudra-,anger or fury; hāsya-,mirth; bhayānaka-,terror; karuṇa-,pity; adbhuta-,wonder; śānta-,tranquillity or contentment; vātsalya-,paternal fondness;the last or last two are sometimes omitted; see under bhāva-)

Question 19

शृङ्गार m.

Answer 19

शृङ्गार m. [रस] (in rhetoric) the erotic sentiment (one of the 8 or 10 rasa-s q.v;it has viṣṇu- for its tutelary deity and black for its colour; according to to most authorities it is of two kinds, viz. sambhoga-,”mutual enjoyment”, and vipralambha-,”deception, disappointment”, to which by some is added as third a-yoga-,”separation”)

Question 20

दानवीर m.

Answer 20

दानवीर m. [रस] (in rhetoric) liberal heroism

Question 21

बीभत्स m.

Answer 21

बीभत्स m. [रस] (with rasa) the sentiment of disgust (one of the 8 rasa-s q.v) (fr. Desiderative of bādh-)

Question 22

रौद्र m.

Answer 22

रौद्र m. [रस] (scilicet rasa-) the sentiment of wrath or fury

Question 23

हास्य mfn.

Answer 23

हास्य mfn. [रस] laughing, laughter, mirth (in rhetoric one of the 10 rasa-s or of the 8 sthāyi-bhāva-s, qq. vv.)

Question 24

भयानक m.

Answer 24

भयानक m. [रस] the sentiment of, terror (as one of the 9 rasa-s in poetical or dramatic composition)

Question 25

करुण m.

Answer 25

करुण m. [रस] “causing pity or compassion”, one of the rasa-s or sentiments of a poem, the pathetic sentiment

Question 26

अद्भुत = अद्भुत [adbhuta] m.

Answer 26

अद्भुत = अद्भुत [adbhuta] m. [रस] 1 One of the 8 or 9 Rasas, the marvellous sentiment

Question 27

शान्त m.

Answer 27

शान्त m. [रस] tranquillity, contentment (as one of the rasa-s q.v)

Question 28

वात्सल्य n.

Answer 28

वात्सल्य n. [रस] (fr. vatsala-) affection or tenderness (especially towards offspring), fondness or love for (genitive case locative case or compound); vātsalya rasa the mellow of parental love

Question 29

रूपक n.

Answer 29

रूपक n. (in rhetoric) a figure of speech, metaphor, comparison, simile (especially one in which iva-, vat-etc. are omitted exempli gratia, ‘for example’ bāhu-latā-,”a creeper-like arm”, paṇi-padma-,”a lotus-like hand”;there are 3 or 4 varieties of rūpaka- exempli gratia, ‘for example’ the ardha-r-,”partial metaphor”, khaṇḍa-r-,”imperfect metaphor”, and lalāma-r-,”flowery metaphor”)

Question 30

उपमा f.

Answer 30

उपमा f. a particular figure in rhetoric, simile, comparison (a full simile must include four things;See pūrṇopama-, luptopamā-,etc.)

Question 31

सारोपा f.

Answer 31

सारोपा f. (scilicet lakṣaṇā-) an ellipsis containing an attribute to be supplied; sāropā-, the placing of a word in its figurative sense in apposition to another in its proper sense)

Question 32

अनुप्रास m.

Answer 32

अनुप्रास m. alliteration, repetition of similar letters, syllables, and words