Dev Psych Flashcards
Development Psychology
- Studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- 8 Stages
Teratogens
- Agents that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause harm
Jean Piaget
- Believed that a child’s mind developed through the stages
Schema
Framework that organizes and interprets information
Piaget’s theory
4 major stages:
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operational
- Formal operational
Sensorimotor Stage
- Understanding the world through senses and actions
- Development of Object permanence
- (Today: Object permanence develops gradually not suddenly)
Preoperational Stage
- able to represent things with language but does not understand mental operations of concrete logic
- (Today: Children as young as 4.5 have shown theory of mind)
Concrete Operational Stage
- Mental operations that enable logical thinking about concrete events
- Transitivity
- Reversibility
Formal operational Stage
- people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
- (Today: Formal operations may develop earlier than what Piaget thought)
Transitivity
ability to recognize relationships in serial order
Reversibility
Ability to recognize that objects can be changed and returned to their original position
Lev Vygotski
- Emphasized how the mind grows through interaction with social environment
- Social interactions offer children a _____ to higher levels of thinking
Scaffold
Scaffold
- Framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
Zone of proximal development
Skills a child cannot do by themselves yet but can do with guidance
Important development in early childhood
- Self concept: Thoughts and feelings about ourselves
Attachment
- An emotional tie with another person
Harlow’s Monkeys
- preferred the clothed “comfy” mother to the wire one that provided food
- Used mother as a secure base to explore the world
- Cling to “comfy” mother when anxious (safe haven)
- The importance of touch
Imprinting
- Process by which certain animals form strong attachments during a critical period
Attachment styles
- Secure attachment
- Anxious preoccupied
- Dismissive Avoidant
- Disorganized
Nicolae Ceausescu
- Criminalized contraception and abortion
- Taxed families with fewer than 5 children
- Ceausescu’s children/ “Decreței”
- 15 to 1 child to caregiver ratios
- “Neurocognitive impairment, impulsivity, and attention and social deficits”
- Final question on exam: ATTACHMENT, TOUCH, LOVE AND AFFECTION NEEDED LIKE FOOD AND WATER
Authoritative parenting style
Confrontive, demanding and responsive, “I love you, let’s talk about it”
Adolescence
- Transition period from childhood to adulthood
- Puberty
- Selective pruning
Selective pruning
Development of unused neurons and connections are stopped
Kohlberg’s Levels of Morality
- Preconventional Morality
- Conventional Morality
- Post conventional morality
Identity
Adolescent’s developmental task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles - (Erickson)
True or false, couples who live together prior to marriage have higher rates of divorce
True
True/false, there are identical and predictable stages to grief
True
Erikson hypothesized this was a primary developmental task that involved solidifying a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles in adolescence.
Identity
