Determination of Urine Protein Flashcards
Amount of Protein in Urine:
Less than 10 mg/dl or 100 mg/24 hours
The presence of an increased amount of protein in the urine is termed _____
Proteinuria
Fill in the blanks:
Urinary proteins can be detected _____ and _____.
Qualitatively
Semiquantitatively
Principle of Protein in the Reagent Strip:
Protein error of indicators
Discuss the Protein Precipitation Technique:
Protein is denatured upon exposure to extremes of pH or temperature and it is evident by a decrease in their solubility.
Protein Precipitation Technique can also be seen on what tests?
Heat and Acetic Acid Test
Sulfosalicylic Acid Test
Robert’s Test
Heller’s Ring Test
Urinary Proteins Principle:
Protein Precipitation Techniques
Fill in the blank:
Originally, Heat and Acetic Acid Test was used in the laboratory but it was cumbersome because of _____.
The use of Heat
Positive Result for the Detection of Urinary Proteins using Precipitation Techniques:
Form of cloudiness or a ring at the junction of the reagents
Test that is now being used in most clinical laboratories to detect Urinary Protein because there is no need to employ heat. It is only done at room temperature.
Sulfosalicylic Acid Test
Fill in the blank:
When the pH is held constant by a buffer, certain indicator dyes will release _____ as a result of the presence of proteins (anions) and cause a color change.
Hydrogen Ions
What indicates the amount of protein present in a Reagent Strip Test?
Intensity of Color
Protein reagent strip results are reported as:
Concentrations in mg/dl by matching the resultant reagent pad color to the color chart provided on the reagent strip container.
Materials needed for the Determination of Urine Protein using Precipitation Techniques:
Test tubes
Pipettes
Egg albumin solution
Conc. HNO3,
Conc. Acetic acid
Robert’s reagent
Saturated NaCI
Sulfosalicylic acid
List down the step-by-step procedure in the Robert’s Test:
- Place 3 cc of urine in a test tube.
- Add 3 cc of Robert’s reagent to the bottom of the tube and allow to layer beneath.
- Note for the formation of a white ring.
- Record the results.
In the Robert’s Test, what is the amount of urine placed in the test tube?
3 cc
In the Robert’s Test, what is the amount of Robert’s Reagent placed in the test tube with urine?
3 cc
Reagent used in the Robert’s Test:
Robert’s Reagent
What do we detect in the Robert’s Test?
Formation of a white ring
Fill in the blank:
Heller’s Ring Test is also known as _____.
HNO3 Test (Nitric Acid Test)
List down the step-by-step procedure for the Heller’s Ring Test:
- Place 2 cc of concentrated HNO3, in a test tube.
- Overlay with urine and observe for a ring at the zone of contact.
- Record the result.
In the Heller’s Ring Test, what is the amount of the concentrated HNO3 placed in the test tube?
2 cc
In the Heller’s Ring Test, what is the reagent or solution that is used?
Concentrated HNO3 or Concentrated Nitric Acid
What do we detect in the Heller’s Ring Test?
Ring at the zone of contact
Fill in the blank:
Sulfosalicylic Acid Test is also known as _____.
Exton’s Test
List down the step-by-step procedure in
Sulfosalicylic Acid Test:
- Place 10 cc. of urine in a test tube.
- Add 3 cc. of 3% aqueous SSA solution.
- Note for the presence of cloudiness.
- Record the result.
In the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test, what is the amount of urine placed in the test tube?
10 cc
In the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test, what is the amount of 3% aqueous SSA solution placed in the test tube?
3 cc
What is the solution or the reagent used in the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test?
3% aqueous Sulfosalicylic Acid Solution
What do we detect in the Sulfosalicylic Acid Test?
Presence of cloudiness
What is the other term for the Modified Heat and Acetic Acid Test?
Purdy’s Test
List down the step-by-step procedure in the Purdy’s Test:
- Fill the test tube with 10 cc of urine.
- Add about 2 cc of saturated aqueous solution of NaCI to raise the specific gravity.
- Add 2 or 5 drops of glacial acetic acid.
- Mix well and boil the upper portion gently. Rotate the tube to prevent cracking.
In the Purdy’s Test, what is the amount of urine placed in the test tube?
10 cc
In Purdy’s Test, what is the amount of the saturated aqueous solution of NaCI in the test tube?
2 cc
In Purdy’s Test, what is the reason why we add about 2 cc of saturated aqueous solution of NaCI?
To raise the specific gravity
What is the reagent or solution used in the Purdy’s Test?
2 cc of saturated aqueous solution of NaCl (Sodium Chloride)
In Purdy’s Test, what is the amount of glacial acetic acid needed?
2 to 5 drops
In Purdy’s Test, what do we do to prevent cracking?
Rotate the tube
Fill in the blank:
In Purdy’s Test, if cloudiness persist, _____ is present.
Albumin
In Purdy’s Test, cloudiness appears due to:
Phosphates
Carbonates
In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, Negative Result indicates:
No ring or cloudiness appears at the zone of contact.
In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, Trace Result indicates:
Ring or cloudiness is just perceptible against a black background (less than 0.05 gm%).
In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +1 Result indicates:
Ring or cloudiness is distinct against a black background (0.05 to 0.2 gm%).
In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +2 Result indicates:
Ring or cloudiness is distinct and granular against light (0.2 to 0.5 gm%).
In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +3 Result indicates:
Ring or cloudiness is heavy against light with distinct flocculi (0.5 to 2 mg%).
In the Manner of Reporting for the Ring or Cloudiness Test, +3 Result indicates:
Ring or cloudiness is thick and dense against light, opaque and may solidify (2 mg% and over).
No ring or cloudiness appears at the zone of contact. What is the result?
Negative
Ring or cloudiness is just perceptible against a black background (less than 0.05 gm%). What is the result?
Trace
Ring or cloudiness is distinct against a black background (0.05 to 0.2 gm%). What is the result?
1+
Ring or cloudiness is distinct and granular against light (0.2 to 0.5 gm%). What is the result?
2+
Ring or cloudiness is heavy against light with distinct flocculi (0.5 to 2 mg%). What is the result?
3+
Ring or cloudiness is thick and dense against light, opaque and may solidify (2 mg% and over). What is the result?
4+
List down the step-by-step procedure in the Determination of Urine Protein using Reagent Strip:
- Dip a reagent strip into the urine.
- Remove and stand for one minute.
- Compare the color of the strip to the color chart.
- Record the result.
