Detection & Diagnosis Flashcards
Breast cancer screening RECCOMENDATIONS
40-44-year-old women can choose to get annual mammogram
45-54 should get yearly mammograms
55+ can either get mammograms every two years or annually
Screening should continue as long as a woman is in good health and expected to live at least 10 more years
What is the most effective technology for breast cancer screening?
High-quality mammography is the most effective technology available for breast screening
Colorectal screening RECCOMENDATIONS
Beginning at age 45, both men and women should start regular screening.
This can be done with a stool-based test (i.e. Cologuard)
Or with an exam that looks at the colon and rectum
Should continue screening through age 75, if in good health
Cervical screening RECCOMENDATIONS
Cervical cancer screening should begin at age 25; no one under 25 should be tested
Between ages of 25-65 should get a primary HPV test done every 5 years. If a primary HPV test is not available, a co-test (an HPV test with a Pap test) every 5 years, or a Pap test every 3 years
Women over age 65 who have a history of regular and normal screenings should not be tested
Women who have been vaccinated against HPV should still be screened according to their age group recommendations
Lung Cancer screening RECCOMENDATIONS
ACS recommends yearly screening for lung cancer with a low-dose CT (LDCT) scan for people 50-80 who:
Smoke or used to smoke AND
Have at least a 20 pack-year history of smoking
A pack-year is equal to smoking 1 pack per day for a year. Example: smoking 1 pack a day for 20 years = 2 packs a day for 10 years
Prostate screening RECCOMENDATIONS
Mass screening not recommended
Men should make an informed decision with their health care provider about whether or not to be tested
Research has not yet proven that the potential benefits outweigh the harms of testing and treatment
If men decide to be tested, they should have a PSA blood test with or without a rectal exam; frequency depends on PSA level
Mass screening is based on all except which of the following?
Cost-effectiveness
Specific results obtained
Risk to the patient
Geographic location
Geographic location
Most screening studies can be grouped into which of the following major categories?
I. Laboratory studies
II. Imaging studies
According to Washington and Leaver, which of the following is a normal white blood cell (leukocyte) count?
5,000 to 10,000/mm3
What is the leading site of cancer resulting in deaths in both males and females?
Lung and Bronchus
