Design Thinking and Communication Flashcards
Define
2D sketching.
‘flat’ drawings that only show two dimensions
Define
3D sketching.
drawings in three dimensions that show depth
Define
oblique drawing.
a simple 3D sketching technique with one face of the item square on and other angled lines to give depth
Define
perspective drawing.
a 3D sketching technique that shows objects in proportion
Define
isometric drawing.
a 3D technique in which parallel lines at 30-degree angles are applied to the sides of the drawn object
Define
iterative design.
a design process based on a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, reflecting, analysing, evaluating and refining a product or process
the process occurs over and over again to achieve optimum design
What information do
working drawings contain?
(4 things)
- dimensions
- details of components
- materials
- assembly instructions
Define
orthographic projections.
2D sketches that show different views
e.g. plan, front, side, sectional
Define
sketch models.
quick models, often just of parts of a design, made from easy-to-work and low-cost materials such as cardboard or foam
Define
mathematical modelling.
the representation of a real situation, but using mathematical concepts and language
What are some of the positives of
mathematical modelling?
(3)
- cost-effectice (as no physical components are used)
- quick and can speed up production process
- can be used to predict stresses on components
What is the purpose of
schematic diagrams?
they are used to show the arrangement of components in electrical and mechanical sustems
What is the purpose of
flowcharts?
they document and help with the understanding of simple processes
Define
focus group.
an organised discussion led by a moderator, where a group of people are asked about their views and experiences, perceptions of and attitudes towards a product, brand, service, idea, advertisment or packaging
What are some sources of
first-hand information?
(to help avoid design fixation) (6 examples)
- quesstionaires
- interviews
- focus groups
- surveys
- research
- observations
What are some other
sources of information?
(to help avoid design fixation) (4 examples)
- exising solutions
- nature
- magazines
- reference books
Define
biomimicry.
looking to nature and incorporating its approaches to problems into design solutions
Define
design fixation.
focusing on your own initial ideas and not considering alternative approaches
Define
user-centred design.
a design strategy, or design approach, with the aim of making products and systems usable
it focuses on the user interface and how the user interacts with and relates to the product
What are some
commonly used methods in UCD?
(5 examples)
- focus groups
- usability testing
- participatory design
- interviews
- questionnaires
Define
systems thinking.
the understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system of other products and systems
in the iterative design process, consideration of the role of all components and subsystems of the product or system, including the user experience and the marketing of the object being designed, ensures all aspects of the product are given the required attention to detail
Why is the
Apple iPod a good example of systems thinking?
(4 points)
- it is well-designed (looks good and is easy to hold and use)
- the process of purchasing, downloading a song to a computer and then to the iPod, or upgrading its software is a smooth and easy process
- the experts who offer free in-store advice to Apple customers improves their customer service experience
- Apple offers a recyling scheme to encourage customers to upgrade to newer models
Define
collaboration.
working with other for mutual benefit
