Design Technology Key terms Flashcards
Interval Data
based on numerical scales
- order and difference between value
Nominal data scale
classification of objects by name into groups
Ordinal data
Rank a set of data points, deals with order and position
e.g. words, letters
Qualitative data
Descriptive data (depth)
useful for small groups
Quantitative data
Recorded using numbers
e.g. height, sizes
Combined Heat and power
(CHP)
system generates heat and electricity from combustion or solar.
Converging Technologies
merging nanotechnology and biotechnology + information +cognitive science
End-of-pipe Technologies
Technology to reduce pollutants and waste at end of processes
Individual energy Generation
individual using devices to create small amounts of energy = run low energy products
Linear economy
Economy based on
-make
-use
-dispose
Local Combines heat and Power (CHP)
CHP plants generate for communities
Quantification of Carbon emissions
Defining numerically C02 emissions of a product
Radical solutions
New project devised
- going back to problem and new solution
system level solutions
solutions for a whole system, not just components
Precautionary Principle
anticipating problems
e.g. impact of product
Waste mitigation Process
strategy used to reduce waste by product
e.g. disposal
Bottom-up modelling
creates separate designs which are then brought together to prototype
Conceptual Modelling
model which exists in the mind
-help us understand ideas
Data modelling
model determines structure of data
Fidelity (product)
How much prototype looks like final product
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
calculations + simulation of unknown factors in products using CAD
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
3D printing technique
- melts layers on a bed
Haptic Technology
Emerging technology
- interfaces with user via touch
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
virtually slices 3D CAD models into thin layers
- cuts layers
- assembled to make model
Mock-ups
Scale/full-sized representation of product
- gain feedback
Part drawings
Orthographic drawings of components with details
Perspective Drawings
formal drawings techniques depicts object further or closer away
One point
two point
three point
Physical Modelling
Smaller/larger tangible models
- interacted with
Projection drawings
accurate drawings
Isometric
-> formal drawing technique
Orthographic
->working drawing technique
Scale drawings
smaller/bigger but proportions are correct
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
additive manu. technique
- uses laser to fuse materials into mass = 3D model
Solid Modelling
Clear representation of final
- complete set of data for product to be realised
Stereo-lithography
Creates 3D models layer by layer by hardening molecules of liquid polymer with laser
Surface modelling
realistic picture of final model
- no data about interior
Top-down modelling
design originates from concept
- gradually evolves into product
Virtual Prototyping
Photorealistic CAD based models
-digital mock-ups
-interacted with
Working Drawings
guide production of product e.g. orthographical projection or assembly
Creep (Metals)
slow + permanent deformation
Creosote
Material penetrates timber
-protection
Electro-rheostatic
fluid which changes viscosity in an electric field
Machine to Machine (M2M)
wired/wireless communication between devices
One-off production
Individual prototype for larger scale production
Piezoelectricity
Smart material property
- gives off small electric discharge when deformed
Pultrusion
Continuous manu. process
- create composite materials
- fibres reinforced with resin
Work hardening
Toughening metal through plastic deformation
Young Modulus
measure of stiffness
-elastic material
- defined by stress/strain
Analogy (inn. strategies)
idea from one context used to stimulate ideas for solving problems in another context
Radical Innovation
introduces new ideas which is very different
- high risk
Suppression (Markets)
idea of product by the market is slowed down
Conflict + Compromise
Team (multi-disciplinary)
= conflict which has to be solved by compromise
Retro styling
design which uses past form or decoration
Affinity Diagramming
tool used to organise ideas
Anti-personae
profile of who the product is not targeted at
Reflective design
evokes personal memory
e.g. message, use, culture
Visceral Design
Design which people have expectations of
e.g. its use
Macro energy Sustainability
large scale energy production from non-exhausting sources
Micro energy Sustainability
Small scale energy production from non-exhausting sources
Perceptual mapping
tool to quickly compare products from similar market
Pioneering strategy
Being first to market with new innovation
Kaizen
Culture of continuous improvements
- long-term strategy
Quality Assurance (QA)
covers from design to documentation.
Regulation of quality
e.g. raw materials
Quality Control (QC)
Development process to ensure product meets customer’s expectations
Statistical Process Control
(SPC)
QC tool that uses statistical methods
- ensures process is operating efficiently
Value stream mapping
analyse current + future processes from production to delivery
