Design Movements Flashcards
Who was related to art nouveau movement?
Mackintosh
Features of art nouveau
Nature related motifs
Inspired by natural world
Stained glass
Curves
Female figures with long loose hair and flow dresses
Inspiration for art nouveau
Unified approach to design (unify fine art and applied art)
Revival of Viking folk art
Inspired by natural world
Oriental (particularly Japanese are and interiors)
Diverse elements like Greek decoration and Arabic pattern
Who is Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Innovative designer/architect/artist
Part of Glasgow four
Japanese, Celtic and arts and crafts influences
Produced harmonious interior combining architecture, furniture, decoration and furnishings
Glasgow school of art
As his career went on he got bolder but maintained use of distinctive floral motifs and elegant curves
Who is related to Bauhaus Modernist?
Marianne Bandt
Summary of art nouveau
A wide ranging ‘new art’ movement, combining European and Oriental influences, particularly featuring natural, languid forms
Influences of Bauhaus
Post First World War idealism, abolishment of censorship
Reversal of arts and crafts ideas about form and function
Industrial methods and materials
Geometrically pure forms
Features of Bauhaus
Form follows function
Aesthetics dictated by way product works
Reject liberal use of decoration
Automation
Design for the masses
Mass production for everyday products for everyday people
Modern materials like tubular steel
Ornament free
Often criticised and deemed a failure as few products mass produced
Who is Marianna Brandt
Bauhaus
Former Bauhaus student who became head of metalwork
Simple forms relevant to modern design
Geometrically pure kitchenware
Commercially successful
Tea infuser typical example
Anthropometrics and ergonomics are focus
Summary of Bauhaus
Machine aesthetic of form follows function
Who is related to Art Deco?
Eileen Gray
Influences of Art Deco
Aspirational consumers following First World War
Popularity for travel and growth of mass production
Tutankhamen’s tomb
Paris exhibition
International styles like Egyptian temples, Aztec motifs and African carvings
Features of Art Deco
Bold colours as well as black and chrome
Stylised geometric forms of products contrasting art nouveau
Sunburst motifs often found as decorations and radio grille designs
Ziggurat, stepped decorations and buildings styles like new York skyscrapers
Summary of Art Deco
Popular modernism with exotic influences
Who is Eileen Gray?
Art Deco
Worked highly independent
Opulent and luxurious products
Didn’t have access to male dominated support networks of the time
Studied in London and Paris but had a particular interest in Japanese lacquer work
Bibendum chair (named after Michelin man, collaboration with Badovici)
Geometric patterns and bold designs in apartment
Focus on architecture
Who is related to streamlining?
Raymond Loewy
Summary of streamlining
Aspirational design featuring aerodynamic form
Influences of streamlining
Advancing aviation technology introduced aerodynamic, rounded forms to reduce wind resistance
Rocket and satellite technology, futuristic
Wealth of consumers facilitated affording more ‘design conscious’ products
Materials like metal alloys and plastic were developed along with new manufacturing technology
Features of streamlining
Teardrop (highly aerodynamic form)
Rocket age and atomic age
Streamline form incorporated simply to make products stand out as not always essential(eg furniture doesn’t need to be aerodynamic)
Flowing curves
Smooth exteriors
Chrome detailing
Car body design
Who was Raymond loewy
Father of industrial design
Designed a commercially successful model plane as a teenager which funded his education
Designed an improved casing for a gestener duplicating machine, modelling with clay
Introduced welding for the first time as an improved method manufacturing when compared to rivets
Redesigned ‘coldspot’ fridge increasing sales by four times
Designed cola bottle, ‘lucky strike’ cigarette packaging and worked for studebaker, us car manufacturer
Designed grey house buses, shell logo, livery of Air Force one (US presidential jet) and he worked for nasa
Who was related to Memphis?
Ettore Sottsass
Influences of Memphis
Rebellion to functionality of modernism by Milan based post-modernism collective
Adapted elements of Art Deco and other eras, movements or designs that interested them, from pop art to toys.
Features of Memphis
Bold and colourful designs
Playfulness
Anthropomorphism and zoomorphism
Bright colours
Plastic laminate, neon tubes, printed glass
Juxtapositions of geometric form
Challenging forms that compromised on function
Who is Ettore Sottsass?
A celebrated eclectic Austrian born architect and designer
Studied architecture after spending WW2 as a prisoner, he was involved with architecture, crafts, painting and industrial design
Carried a camera everywhere
Designed red plastic typewriter (Olivetti Valentine)
Founded the ‘Memphis group’ in 1981
Form over function
Anthropomorphic Carlton room, zoomorphic tahiti table lamp and asymmetric Beverly sideboard
Who is related to post modernism?
Phillipe Starck
What influenced post modernism?
Reaction to modernism, it was a boring, functional period that lacked excitement
Computer designs were bland and needed something to spice it up
Pop culture
Art Deco
Toys
Ancient architecture
Brutal industrial design
Summary of Memphis
Challenging conventional taste
Features of post modernism
Anything goes attitude
Wide range of materials
Diverse range
Humorous and showing personality (Memphis)
Danny lane Etruscan chair
Big dripper coffee pot (Art Deco)
Who was Phillipe Starck?
French designer who prioritised form over function
Thought provoking audacious designs
Collaborated with companies (especially Alessi kitchenware)
Juicy Salif lemon squeezer
Some products were dangerous as he so heavily prioritised form (hot bertaa kettle had to be taken off of market)
Describe the juicy Salif lemon squeezer and its relevance to post modernism
Made from aluminium die casting
Inspired by eating calamari in a restaurant
Long angled legs prevent juice running down and provide space for a container to collect juice
Potentially unstable design, orange doesn’t fit, nothing stops pips
£50 (on the expensive side)
