Design Basics (book)

Question 1

What purpose does a secondary point of emphasis that have less attention value than the focal point have?

Answer 1

These serve as accents or counterpoints.

Question 2

What should you worry about if you have multiple focal points?

Answer 2

It can turn your design into a three-ring circus in which the viewer doesn’t know where to look first.

Interest in replaced by confusion.

When everything is emphasized, nothing is emphasized.

Question 3

What can attract attention and encourage the viewer to look closer?

Answer 3

Having a point of emphasis or focal point.

Question 4

How do you create a focal point?

Answer 4

A focal point results when one element differs from the others.
Whatever interrupts an overall feeling or pattern automatically attracts the eye by this difference.

Question 5

Grabbing the viewer’s attention by simply placing an object off by itself is what type of contrast?

Answer 5

Contrast of placement

Question 6

How do you create emphasis by isolation?

Answer 6

By placing an object off by itself. In such a case, the element doesn’t need to be any different from the other elements in the work like the contrast of form.

Question 7

What is the absence of focal point?

Answer 7

An artist may wish to emphasize the entire surface of a composition over any individual elements. The whole art piece becomes the focal point.

Question 8

What is kinesthetic empathy?

Answer 8

When a visual experience actually stimulates one of our other sense.

Question 9

Legato

Answer 9

Connecting and flowing

Question 10

What is alternating rhythm?

Answer 10

Successive patterns in which the same elements reappear in a regular order.

Question 11

Progression/Progressive rhythm?

Answer 11

Repetition of a shape that changes in a regular manner.
There is a feeling of a sequential pattern.
This type of rhythm is most often achieved with a progressive variation of the size of a shape, though its color, value, or texture could be the varying element.

Question 12

What is a polyrhythmic structure?

Answer 12

Overlay of several rhythmic patterns.

Question 13

What does proportion refer to?

Answer 13

Refers to relative size- size measured agaisnt other elements or against some mental norm or standard.

Question 14

Scale and proportion are closely tied to ____ and ___ ____.

Answer 14

emphasis and focal point

Question 15

What is hieratic scaling?

Answer 15

Using the size of objects to represent symbolic importance in the subject being presented.

Question 16

Proportion is linked to _____.

Answer 16

Ratio

Question 17

The golden rectangle is found in growth patterns in ____.

Answer 17

nature (such as the chamered nautilus shell, plants, and even human anatomy).

It lends itself to a modular repetition has given it some authority in the history of design.

Question 18

What is the ratio of the golden mean?

Answer 18

The width is to length as length is to length plus width (w:1 as l:l + w)

Question 19

Lack of balance or imablance can do what to humans?

Answer 19

disturb us

Question 20

What is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 20

When shapes are repeated in the same positions on either side of a vertical axis.

Question 21

How do you create an implied line?

Answer 21

Created by positiong a series of points so that the eye tends automatically to connect them.

Question 22

What is a psychic line?

Answer 22

There is no real line, not even intermittent points, yet we can still feel a line. A mental connection.

Question 23

Horizontal lines usually imply…

Answer 23

rest or lack of motion

Question 24

Diagonal lines usually imply…

Answer 24

movement and action

Question 25

Regardless of the chosen medium, when line is the main element of an image, the result is called a ______.

Answer 25

drawing

Question 26

What are the two general types of drawings?

Answer 26

Contour and gesture

Question 27

What is a contour drawing?

Answer 27

When line is used to follow the edges of forms, to desribe their outlines, the result is called a countour drawing.

Question 28

What is a gesture drawing?

Answer 28

Describing shapes is less important than showing the action or the dynamics of a pose. Line does not stay at the edges but moves freely within forms.

Gesture drawings are not drawings of objects so much as drawings of movement, weight, and posture.

Because of its very nature, this type of drawing is almost always created quickly and spontaneously.

It captures the momentary changing aspect of the subject rather than recording nuances of form.

Question 29

Hatching and cross-hatching are techniques often employed by artists to suggest a broad gamut of _____.

Answer 29

Values.

Question 30

What is it called when a certain part of an object is revealed by a sharp contour, but the edge then disappears into a mysterious darkness?

Answer 30

Lost-and-found contour: Now you see it, now you don’t.

The artist gives us a few clues, and we fill in the rest.

Question 31

An object or foreground element is called…

Answer 31

A figure

Question 32

The space or volume between figures or forms is called…

Answer 32

ground

Question 33

What is a 2-dimensional design or composition?

Answer 33

Basically the arrangement of shapes.

Question 34

The words volume and mass are applied to the two or three-dimensional?

Answer 34

three dimensional

Question 35

_______ reproduces the world not as it is but as cultural worldview says it should be.

Answer 35

Idealism

Question 36

_____ implies a simplification of natural shapes to their essential, basic character.

Answer 36

Abstraction

Question 37

What does horror vacui mean?

Answer 37

A need to fill up empty spaces

Question 38

What is the difference between a pattern and a texture?

Answer 38

Pattern is usually defined as a repetitive design, with repeats, but its variations usually do not involve such perfect regularity.

Question 39

____ refers to the surface quality of objects.

Answer 39

Texture.

Texture appeals to our sense of touch. Even when we do not actually feel an object, our memory provides a sensory reaction or sensation of touch.

Question 40

What are the two categories of artistic texture?

Answer 40

Tactile and visual

Question 41

What is tactile texture?

Answer 41

Texture that can actually be felt.

In painting, the same term describes an uneven paint surfdace, produced when an artist uses thick pigment (a technique called impasto) to create a rough, three-dimensional paint surface.

Question 42

What is visual texture?

Answer 42

The impression of texture as purely visual; it cannot be felt or enoyed by touch. It is only suggested to our eyes.

Question 43

Trompe l’oeil

Answer 43

A French term meaning “to fool the eye”.

This style is commonly defined as “deceptive painting”.

Question 44

In art forms, such as drawings, paintings, and prints, the artist who wants to convey a feeling of spcae or depth must translate clues from a three-deminsional experience to a __1__-deminsional pane.

In this case, space is an __2__, for the images rendered on paper, canvas, or boards are essentially flat.

Answer 44

1. two-dimensional

2. illusion

Question 45

Overlapping is a simple device for creating an illusion of ____.

Answer 45

depth

Question 46

In Oriental art, planes recede on the diagonal, but the lines, instead of converging to a vanishing point, remain ______.

Answer 46

parallel