DESIGN Flashcards
Center of mass and center of rigidity does not coincide
Torsional Shear Stress
Building which has a floor which is less than 70% as stiff as the floor above it, or less than 80% as the average stiffness of the three floors.
soft storey
lateral displacement of one level relative to the other level above or below
storey drift
The point which the resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force acts
center of rigidity
The point on a structure through which the applied seismic force acts
center of mass
Refers to the flexibility of a structure
reciprocal of stifness
material condition that causes it to deform permanently even due to a slight increase of stress
Yielding
Fracture caused when a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain
fatigue
When a material is overloaded over a long period, it causes to deform continuously until fracture
creep
When the structure’s period earthquake period
resonance
it is nothing more than a column driven into the soil to support a structure transferring building loads to a deeper and stronger layer of soil or rock
Pile
Applied seismic force acts
Center of mass
Cross-section is same at any location across the long axis of the beam
Prismatic
Force needed to stretch or compress
Spring constant
Perpendicular distance between incident and emergent ray
Lateral displacement
Where maximum amplitude oscillation occurs
Resonance
Vertical members bearing horizontal force are located on another axis
Out of plane offset
Aimed to account for any unforeseen factor that may attribute to the torsional response
Accidental Eccentricity
The number of waves that pass through a point in one second
Frequency
Amount of time it takes on wave to cycle to pass the given point
Period
Sudden drop of shear strength
Liquefaction
Instrument that measures 2 record of details of earthquake (duration and force)
Seismograph
Record produced by seismograph
Seismogram
Measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake
Magnitude
Helps to disperse the building weight from the roof
Bearing walls
Refers to the rigidity of a structure
Reciprocal of Deflection
A fracture plane in the earth’s crust which relative displacement occurs
Fault line
Angle of formation referenced from the horizontal plane
Dip angle
Ability of material to deform in the plastic range without breaking
Ductility
A point of structure where heavy winds and seismic activity acts
Shearwall
A point of structure where the resultant vertical force acts
Center of mass
A point of structure where the resultant lateral force acts
Center of rigidity
Distance between center of mass and center of rigidity
eccentricity
Ability of a material to deform or hammered or pressed without breaking
Malleability
Measured by seismometer
Ground Displacement
Measure the strength of shaking produced at a certain location (damage)
Intensity
Depth of focus
Focal Depth
A point where the earthquake begins
Focus
A point on earth’s surface directly above the hypercenter/focus
Epicenter
The point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates
Hypocenter
Branch of science concerned with earthquakes
Seismology
Have the same material properties in all directions every given point
Isotropic Material
Material composition is the same but mechanical properties are different
Orthotropic material
Materials of uniform composition as well as mechanical properties
Homogenous material
Limit maximum stress it can withstand before permanently deformed
Elastic material
Deformation of a structural component due to load
Buckling
A stress where a material begins to deform plastically
Yielding
Promote the metal harder and stronger due to plastic deformation
Strain Hardening
Return to its initial shape and size after removing the force
Elasticity
Measure of a tensile strength of concrete beams or slabs
Rupture
Permanent deformation without rupture
Plasticity
Amount of force required to displaced a building by certain amount
Stiffness
Ability of a material to absorb energy in the plastic range without breaking
toughness
Ability of a material to absorb energy in the elastic range
Resilience
4 or 5 times its mean dimension
elongation
Parallel Springs
K=K1+K2
Series Springs
1/K=1/K1+1/K2
