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Psychiatry (2) > Descriptive Psychopathology > Flashcards

Descriptive Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hemiplegic gait?

A

asymmetrical gait with one lib normal whilst one is spastic thus affected limb held in extension and foot drag may be present or affected leg swings round, in circumduction to prevent foot drag

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2
Q

What is a Diplegic gait?

A

asymmetrical gait with bilateral abnormal limbs which are stiff and held in extension with feet inverted and internally rotated and legs overlapping when walking

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3
Q

What is a Parkinsonian gait?

A

Short-stepping, shuffling gait with minimal arm swinging and difficulty in stopping and starting

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4
Q

What is a High-stepping gait?

A

Gait with high stance phase due to weakness of tibialis anterior supplied by deep peroneal nerve

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5
Q

What is an Ataxic gait?

A

Broad-based, unsteady gate with foot stamping which may require a walking aid

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6
Q

What is a Trendelenburg gait?

A

Gait with compensatory swinging to prevent foot dragging due to weakness in hip abductors on the contralateral side which stabilise the pelvis during the stance phase

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7
Q

What is a sensory gait?

A

Gait with impaired proprioception due to peripheral sensory nerve impairment

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8
Q

What is a hyperkinetic gait?

A

Normal gait with involuntary choreic movements such as oro-facial dyskinesia or choreic movements

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9
Q

What is a choreiform gait?

A

Normal gait with involuntary choreic movements such as oro-facial dyskinesia or choreic movements

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10
Q

What is an antalgic gait?

A

Gait appears painful with shortened time in stance phase on affected leg

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11
Q

What is reduced psychomotor activity?

A

Decreased motor behaviour secondary to psychiatric components which is mostly non-goal orientated

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12
Q

What are the two types of reduced psychomotor activity?

A
  • Retardation (= Slowing down of psychic and motor activity)

* Stupor (= Extreme state of motor retardation characterised by akinesis and mutism with preserved consciousness)

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13
Q

What is increased psychomotor activity?

A

Increased motor behaviour secondary to psychiatric components which is mostly non-goal orientated

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14
Q

What are the two types of increased psychomotor activity?

A
  • Hyperactivity (= Increased motor activity which is goal-orientated and associated with pressured speech and distractibility)
  • Agitation (= Increased motor activity which is non-goal-directed and the individual is distressed)
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15
Q

Explain the difference between mood and affect?

A

Mood is the prolonged emotional state, the ‘climate’, whilst affect is the overall emotional state, the ‘weather’.

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16
Q

State the different types of mood and affect

A

Depression

Irritability

Anxiety

Panic attacks

Apathy

Affective blunting

Elation

Emotional lability

Euphoria

Ecstasy

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17
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

feeling detached from yourself

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18
Q

What is derealisation?

A

disconnected from reality

19
Q

What is micropsia?

A

Smaller images

20
Q

What is micropsia?

A

Larger images

21
Q

What is dysmegalopsia?

A

Altered shape

22
Q

What is the difference between a hallucination and an illusion?

A

Illusion is misinterpretation of a stimuli present and hallucination is a false perception in the absence of a stimuli

23
Q

State the main types of hallucination.

A

Auditory

Visual

Tactile

Gustatory

Olfactory

Functional

Doppleganger

Extracampine

24
Q

What is thought blocking?

A

Complete interruption and pause of speech prior to expressing speech

25
Q

What is retardation in thought?

A

Thinking is slowed, and idea generation is reduced

26
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

Ideas follow rapidly, spontaneously and connections are understandable

27
Q

What is poverty of speech?

A

Restriction in speech – brief, concrete and unelaborated

28
Q

What is a neologism?

A

New word or phrase which cannot be understood

29
Q

What is poverty of content of speech?

A

Speech is adequate in amount but lacking in substance/amount

30
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

Flow of thought disorder where speech includes tedious detail thus is indirect and delayed in reaching the goal

31
Q

What is tangentiality?

A

Thoughts and speech are oblique, tangential and loose

32
Q

What is derailment?

A

Ideas follow rapidly, spontaneously and connections are understandable (FOI) or completely unrelated (LA)

33
Q

What is a delusion?

A

Fixed, false beliefs which is contradictory with patient’s sociocultural background

34
Q

What are the categories of a delusion?

A
  • 1º Delusion = incomprehensible and psychologically irreducible
  • 2º Delusion = Comprehensible and psychologically reducible
35
Q

What are the types of delusions (by content)?

A

Bizarre

Grandeur

Reference

Persecution

Guilt

Hypochondriacal

Love

Nihilistic

Infidelity

Double

Infestation

Shared

36
Q

What are overvalued ideas?

A

Isolated, pre-occupied beliefs resulting in a strong affective response as a consequence of threat to loss of goal/objective of belief

37
Q

What are obsessions?

A

Recurrent intrusive ideas, thoughts and beliefs which are recognised as the person’s own thoughts

38
Q

What is thought alienation?

A

Involuntary thoughts and beliefs which are external and alien, not intrinsic from their own mind

39
Q

What is thought echo?

A

Repetition of thought

40
Q

What is thought broadcasting?

A

Diffusion of thought

41
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

Removal of thought

42
Q

State the main types of cognition

A

Comatose (= in a state of unconsciousness/coma)

Lethargic (= fatigued and tired)

Somnolent (= drowsy)

Clouded (= slightly less wakeful than usual but aware of surroundings)

Alert (= full state of consciousness)

43
Q

State the main types of judgement

A

Abnormal (= poor judgement)

Impaired (= hindered judgement)

Normal (= judgement is normal)

44
Q

How would you take a Psychiatric History?

A

ASEPTIC + usual history

Appearance + Behaviour

Speech

Emotion: Mood and Affect

Perception

Thought

Insight

Cognition

Psychiatry (2) (13 decks)

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