Describe how genes are organised on a chromosome

Question 1

What are genes and where can they be found (+ 2 locations)

Answer 1

• A sequence of nucleotides in DNA/RNA that code for a protein that functions
• Chropmsomes
  
  • Nucleus
  • Mithochondria - 17,000 BPs, 37 genes

Question 2

Define the term genome:

Answer 2

• Complete set of genetic material in cell or organism

Question 3

Define Exons and Introns:

Answer 3

• Exons: Protein-coding (<2%)
• Introns: Non-protein coding + regulatory DNA

Question 4

Break down the organisation of a gene on a chromosome (4 parts)

Answer 4

• Homologous chromosomes - A pair of chromosomes which are similar in length, gene position and centromere location. SAME GENES/DIFFERENT ALLELES
• Chromosome - DNA molecule packaged into a thread like structure
• Alleles - Alternative forms of a gene
• Gene - Located at a locus

Question 5

What are RNA genes?

Answer 5

• Encode RNA molecules
• Not translated into polypeptides