Descent with Modification Flashcards
The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by two naturalists:
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russel Wallace
_____ (427–347 BC) and his student ____(384–322 BC) believed that species (“forms”) did not change
Plato, Aristotle
The idea of “fixed” species was the majority view until the 1800s; To him, resemblances be-tween species did not indicate kinship; who believed in this view?
Carolus Linnaeus, taxonomy
In 1650, ______ _____ Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) (1581-1656) set the date of the creation of the Earth.
Based on a literal reading of the Bible, he calculated that the Earth was created in 4004 B.C
James Ussher,
In 1766, French naturalist ____ ____ _____1707–1788) suggested that the earth was much older than 6000 years bc of fossils
Georges Louis LeClerc, comte de Buffon (
_____ are the preserved imprints or remnants of extinct organisms
Fossils
the study of fossils, was largely developed by the French anatomist ____ _____(1769–1832)
Georges Cuvier
the study of fossils?
Paleontology,
From his study of fossils in sedimentary rock, _____ concluded that the plants and animals living on Earth had changed over time.
Cuvier
he proposed that extinctions were caused by a series of floods or droughts, i.e., catastrophes
Cuvier
He suggested that living species had arisen by diverging from extinct species
Buffon
organisms acquire traits that better adapt them to their environment and then pass these traits to their off-spring; who said it and what is this concept called?
- French naturalist Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744–1829)
- of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Parts of the body would become stronger through frequent use and weaker if not used
This is an example of the principle of use and disuse
who said Giraffes have long neck and stretch them, next generation would have long necks; but it was wrong
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
served as the naturalist on the surveying ship the H.M.S Beagle during its around-the-world voyage between 1831 and 1836
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
_____ studied plants and animals in South America, Africa, Australia, and islands in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans
Darwin
_______ proposed that the geological features of the earth were the result of constant, uniform processes acting over long periods of time
Lyell
what is the name of this theory; geological features of the earth were the result of constant, uniform processes acting over long periods of time
uniformitarianism
theory which held that the earth was shaped by sudden, violent events (e.g., vast floods)
catastrophism
Darwin studied the animals on the ______ _____, which lie about 900 km (550 mi.) west of the coast of South America
Galápagos Islands
Among the animals he observed on the Galápagos Islands were
____, ____, _____
tortoises, iguanas, and finches:
A Galápagos tortoise named Harriet died in an Australian zoo in 2006 at an estimated age of;
175
Populations can increase ___________, but resources may increase only _______
exponentially, arithmetically
The maximum population that can be supported in a given environment is called the;
carrying capacity
predicted the human population would exceed the Earth’s carrying capacity
Malthus
______ spent four years collecting insects and other animal specimens in the Brazilian rainforest to sell to collectors back in England
Wallace
It was called On the Origin of Species by Means of Nat-ural Selection
1859
The Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution: 1
Natural populations have the potential to increase rapidly (exponentially)
The Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution: 2
The resources to support these populations (food and habitat) are limited (carrying capacity)
The Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution: 3
Members of the population thus compete for these limiting resources
The Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution:4
Members of the population differ in inherited characteristics
The Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution: 5
Some are better adapted to the local environmental conditions
