Descending Pathways

Question 1

Other name of extrapyramidal system

Answer 1

Indirect activation pathway

Question 2

Which motor system is for involuntary and autonomic control of all muscles

Answer 2

Extrapyramidal system

Question 3

Pyramidal system is also known as

Answer 3

Direct activation pathway

Question 4

Which motor system is for voluntary control of the face and body

Answer 4

Pyramidal system

Question 5

The pyramidal tract refers to what tract specifically

Answer 5

Corticospinal tracts

Question 6

In direct activation pathway, the ventral horn on opposite side of the spinal cord ends in what tract

Answer 6

Corticospinal tract

Question 7

Motor nuclei in the brainstem end in what tract

Answer 7

Corticobulbar

Corticonuclear

Question 8

Corticosponal tracts are excitatory and inhibitory to what type of muscles

Answer 8

Excitatory to flexor

Inhibitory to extensor

Question 9

Brainstem motor nuclei seen in the midbrain

Answer 9

Upper:CN3
Lower:CN 4

Question 10

What brainstem motor nuclei seen in the level of pons

Answer 10

Middle: CN5
Lower: CN 6 and CN7

Question 11

Brainstem motor nuclei present in the level of the medulla

Answer 11

Upper: CN 9,10,11 (nucleus ambiguus) and 12

Question 12

Paralysis of the voluntary movement on one side of the body is called

Answer 12

Hemiplegia

Question 13

Hemiplegia of the rostral side

Answer 13

Contralateral hemiplegia

Question 14

Caudal side if px has hemiplegia

Answer 14

Ipsilateral hemiplegia

Question 15

Positive resistance owning to spasticity of the muscles

Answer 15

Clasp knife reaction

Question 16

Brown Sequard syndrome below the lesion would result to

Answer 16

Ipsilateral loss of proprioception and vibratory sense, spastic paralysis, hyperesthesia

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature

Question 17

Brown Sequard syndrome at the level of lesion

Answer 17

Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis and cutaneous anesthesia

Contralateral hyperesthesia

Question 18

The extrapyramidal tracts includes other tracts such what

Answer 18

Nigrostriatal pathway
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum 
Vestibular nuclei
Different sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 19

What are the function of the reticulospinal tract

Answer 19

Facilitate or inhibit voluntary movements and reflex activity

Question 20

Function of the tectospinal tract

Answer 20

Concerned with reflex postural movements in response to visual stimuli

Question 21

Function of rubrospinal tract

Answer 21

Facilitates activity of flexor and inhibits activity of extensor muscles

Question 22

Which extra pyramidal tract is associated with maintenance of balance

Answer 22

Vestibulospinal tract