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ICA > Dermatology - History + Examinations > Flashcards

Dermatology - History + Examinations Flashcards

1
Q

What mnemonic is used for a dermatology examination?

A

SCAM
- site + distribution (rash)
- size + shape (lesion)
- colour + configuration
- associated changes
- morphology

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2
Q

What mnemonic is used to examine pigmented lesions?

A

ABCDE
- Asymmetry
- Border
- Colour
- Diameter
- Evolution

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3
Q

What family history is important to know for dermatology?

A

Skin disease
Atopy
Autoimmune disease
+ at what age they arose

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4
Q

What past medical history is important to know for dermatology?

A
  • Systemic disease
  • History of atopy
  • History of skin cancer
  • History of sun burn
  • Previous dermatological issues
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5
Q

What social history is important to know for dermatology?

A
  • home situation
  • smoking, drugs + alcohol
  • occupation
  • diet
  • cleaning products
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6
Q

What are worrying signs of pigmented lesions?

A
  • asymmetry
  • irregular, ill-defined border
  • varying colours
  • > 6mm diameter
  • evolving in size, shape, colour or texture
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7
Q

Types of site + distribution of dermatology disease

A

Generalised
Widespread
Localised
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Flexural
Extensor
Pressure areas
Photosensitive
Dermatomal

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8
Q

Types of configurations of dermatological diseases

A

Discrete
Confluent
Linear
Targetoid
Well defined
Ill defined
Annular
Discoid/nummular

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9
Q

Types of colours of dermatological diseases

A

Erythema
Petechiae
Purpura
Ecccymoses
Hyperpigmented
Hypopigmented
Depigmentation
Vitiligo
Hyperkeratosis

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10
Q

Vocabulary to describe morphology - primary lesions

A

Macule
Patch
Papule
Nodule
Plaque
Vesicle
Bulla
Pustule
Abscess
Wheal/hives
Dome shaped
Comedone

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11
Q

Vocabulary to describe surface features - secondary lesions

A

Erosion
Excoriation
Lichenification
Scales
Crust
Ulcer
Fissure
Striae
Scar
Koehler phenomenon
Translucent
Umbilicated

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12
Q

Dermatological hair changes

A

Alopecia - patchy or diffuse
Hypertrichosis
Hirsutism

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13
Q

Dermatological nail changes

A

Clubbing
Koilonychia
Oncholysis
Pitting

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14
Q

What is flexural site?

A

Skin in joint bends
e.g. inner elbows, behind knees

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15
Q

What is extensor site?

A

Knees
Elbows
Shins

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16
Q

What is intertriginous site?

A

Affecting skin folds

17
Q

What is photosensitive site?

A

Sun exposed areas
e.g. face, neck + back of hands

18
Q

What is dermatomal site?

A

Follows area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve/the dermatome

19
Q

Discrete vs confluent

A
  • discrete: individual lesions separated from each other
  • confluent: individual lesions merge together
20
Q

What is targetoid configuration?

A

3 discrete colours of concentric rings

21
Q

What is annular configuration?

A

Like a circle or ring with different morphology on edges vs inner

22
Q

Define:
- macule
- patch
- papule
- nodule
- pustule
- plaque

A
  • macule: flat area of altered colour <1cm D
  • patch: flat area of altered colour >1cm D
  • papule: raised lesion <1cm D
  • nodule: raised lesion >1cm D
  • pustule: small pus containing lesion
  • plaque: palpable, raised lesion >1cm D

D - diameter

23
Q

Vesicle vs bulla

A
  • vesicle: raised clear fluid filled lesion < 1cm diameter
  • bulla: raised clear fluid filled lesion >1cm diameter
24
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Localised accumulation of pus on dermis or subcutaneous tissue

25
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema
Demarcated but not stable borders
Hives

26
Q

What is comedone?

A

Pores or hair follicles that have gotten blocked with bacteria, oil or dead skin cells > bump on skin

27
Q

Petechiae vs purpura vs ecchymoses

A
  • Red or purple colour
  • Non blanching on pressure
  • petechiae: 1-2mm like pin prick
  • purpura: 2-10mm
  • ecchymoses: >10mm (bruise)
28
Q

What is depigmentation?

A

Paler skin due to absence of melanin

29
Q

Types of Alopecia

A

patchy: localised
diffuse

30
Q

Hirsutism vs hypertrichosis

A
  • hirsuitism: androgen dependent hair growth in female
  • hypertrichosis: non androgen dependent pattern of excessive hair growth
31
Q

What is koilonychia?
What is it often seen in?

A

Spoon shaped depression of nail bed
Iron deficiency anaemia

32
Q

What is oncholysis?
What is it due to?

A
  • Separation of distal end of nail plate from nail bed
  • trauma, fungal infection, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis
33
Q

What is pitting?
What conditions is it related to?

A
  • Punctuate depression of nail bed
  • Psoriasis, eczema, Alopecia areata

ICA (13 decks)

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